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. 2019 Dec 17;7:430. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00430

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Copyright © 2019 Janjić, Samiei, Moritz and Agis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) mRNA levels in human dental pulp cells (DPC), normalized to the reference gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and relative to the normoxic control (white bar). DPC were treated with different inflammatory markers [(A) interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), (B) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), (C) transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)], a hypoxia mimetic agent [L-mimosine (L-MIM)], hypoxia or their combinations (black bars). Bars represent mean + standard deviation. N = 6. *p < 0.05 relative to control.