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. 2019 Dec 17;7:344. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00344

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Copyright © 2019 Guarino, Adapala, Kanugula, Lenkey, Dougherty, Paruchuri, Khan and Thodeti.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Exosome inhibitor reduces formation of EVs and abolishes TCM-induced EC transformation. (A) Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) showing reduction in the number of EVs from tumor cells that had been pre-treated with the exosome inhibitor GW4869 (GW). (B) Phase contrast micrographs (4×) showing normalized tube formation in hTEC exposed to GW4869 and plated on 2D Matrigels for 24 h compared to untreated hTEC and hNEC. Sale bar = 200 μm. (C) Quantitative analysis showing a significant increase (^****p ≤ 0.0001) in tube length between hTEC and hTEC + GW (GW4869) cells. Note a significant decrease in tube formation between hNEC and hTEC (^****p ≤ 0.0001), and no statistical difference (NS) between hNEC and hTEC + GW. The results shown are a mean ± SEM from three independent experiments.