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. 2019 Dec 23;9:19720. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54806-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Melatonin suppression and recovery dynamics. Linear and non-linear regression models were applied to group mean (±SEM) melatonin levels under intermittent light exposure. Stimulus pattern under the intermittent condition is shown for reference (A). Suppression regression-line is shown in red and recovery regression-line is shown in blue for each individual stimulus (B–G) and the group mean profile across all six stimuli (H). The recovery time-course for the last stimulus was under dim light after the 6.5 h exposure interval ended (gray line) and is shown for illustrative purposes and was not included in the recovery time-course profile analysis in (H). Adjusted r² values from the regression analyses are shown for the suppression followed by the recovery interval; t_1/2: half-life of suppression; EC₅₀: half-maximal recovery. Data shown are group mean (±SEM).