Figure 4.

α-Synuclein degradation pathways in cells. Toxic aggregates of α-synuclein can be degraded in the cells through three pathways: macroautophagy (1), endosomal system (2), and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) (3). (1) In the autophagy, key molecules can lead the autophagosome formation and the degradation of aggregates of α-synuclein; (2) lysosomal hydrolases generated in trans-Golgi Network (TGN) are sorted from specific hydrolase sorting receptors [cation-independent 6 mannose phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) and Sortilin], through the endosomal system to the lysosome, and mediate α-synuclein degradation; (3) chaperone-dependent selection of soluble α-synuclein aggregates that are targeted to lysosomes and directly translocated across the lysosomal membrane for degradation. Figure was adapted from Servier Medical Art images (http://smart.servier.com/).