Table 1.
Redoxins and redoxin domains encoded in the human genome. loc: localization, c: cytosol, e: endoplamic reticulum, g: golgi apparatus, l: lipid membrane, m: mitochondria, n: nucleus, o: outside of the cell, secreted; ‘.d’ marks individual domains. n.a.: not analyzed (as no information on the individual domains were available).
| Protein name | ID | Active site | pdb | Functions | loc. | Interactome (number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens glutaredoxins | ||||||
| Grx1 | P35754 | CPYC | 1b4q, ... | (de)-glutathionylation | c/n | 24 |
| Grx2a/c | Q9NS18 | CSYC | 2fls, ... | Fe/S, redox sensor [52] | c/m/n | 64 [53] |
| Grx3.d2 | O76003 | CGFS | 3zyw | Fe/S, iron metabolism [54, 55] | c | 98 |
| Grx3.d3 | CGFS | 2yan | ||||
| Grx5 | Q86SX6 | CGFS | 2wul, ... | Fe/S biogenesis [56, 57] | m | 22 |
| TrxR1v3.d1 | Q16881-1 | CTRC | c | n.a. | ||
| TrxR3.d1 | Q86VQ6 | CPHS | 2h8q | c | n.a. | |
| GrxCR1.d2 | A8MXD5 | FERC | c | 9 | ||
| PTGES2.d1 | Q9H7Z7 | CPFC | 2pbj | prostaglandin synthesis [58] | c/l | 31 |
| SH3BGRL3 | Q9H299 | KSQQ | 1sj6 | cancer progression [59] | c/n | 10 |
| Homo sapiens thioredoxins | ||||||
| Trx1 | P10599 | CGPC | 1ert, ... | electron donor, redox signaling, ... [4] | c/n/o | 247 [60] |
| Trx2 | Q99757 | CGPC | 1wh4, ... | m | 102 | |
| Grx3.d1 | O76003 | APQC | 2diy, ... | Fe/S, iron metabolism [54, 55] | c | see above |
| Nrx.d2 | Q6DKJ4 | CPPC | redox signaling | c/n | 629 [61] | |
| Nxnl1 | Q96CM4 | CPQC | n/l | 4 | ||
| Nxnl2 | Q5VZ03 | CAPS | c | 2 | ||
| Txnl1 | O43396 | CGPC | 1gh2, ... | c/n | 62 | |
| Txnl4A | P83876 | DPTC | 1qgv, ... | n | 39 | |
| Txnl4B | Q9NX01 | DPVC | 3gix, ... | n | 21 | |
| Tmx1 | Q9H3N1 | CPAC | 1x5e | e/l/o | 79 | |
| Tmx2 | Q9Y320 | SNDC | 2dj0 | l/o | 103 | |
| Tmx4 | Q9H1E5 | CPSC | l/o | 25 | ||
| Txndc2 | Q86VQ3 | CGPC | spermatogenesis [62, 63] | c | 4 | |
| Txndc3 | Q8N427 | CGPC | spermatogenesis [64] | c | 8 | |
| Txndc6 | Q86XW9 | CGPC | microtuble dynamics, cancer progression [65, 66] | c | - | |
| Txndc8 | Q6A555 | CGPC | spermatogenesis [67] | c/g | - | |
| Txndc9 | O14530 | TFRC | protein complex assembly [68] | c/n | 91 | |
| Txndc11.d1 | Q6PKC3 | CGQS | e/l | 83 | ||
| Txndc11.d2 | CGFC | |||||
| Txndc12 | O95881 | CGAC | 1sen, ... | PDI | e | 30 |
| Txndc15 | Q96J42 | CRFS | ciliogenesis [69] | l/o | 44 | |
| Txndc16 | Q9P2K2 | QAVS | meningioma-associated antigen [70] | e/s | 29 | |
| Txndc17 | Q9BRA2 | CPDC | 1wou | disulfide and cystine reduction, denitrosylation [71, 72] | c | 39 |
| Qsox1 | O00391 | CGHC | 3q6q, ... | disulfide formation [73] | g/o | 17 |
| Qsox2 | Q6ZRP7 | CGHC | disulfide formation [73] | c/l/n/o | 28 | |