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. 2019 Sep 6;2019(1):169–180. doi: 10.1093/emph/eoz025

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — (a) The mean and SE of 24-hour growth for populations in increasing concentration of gallium (Ga3+) to 1000 mg/l after 10 days of evolution. Ga3+ selected were significantly > controls = ancestors. (b) The mean and SE of 24-hour growth for populations in increasing concentration of iron III (Fe3+) to 1750 mg/l after 10 days of evolution. Ga³⁺ selected were significantly > controls = ancestors, the ancestors had virtually no ability to grow in iron (III) at the highest concentration measured. (c) The mean and SE of 24-hour growth for populations in increasing concentration of iron II (Fe2+) to 1750 mg/l after 10 days of evolution. The controls = ancestors were significantly > than the Ga3+-selected populations. (d) The mean and SE of 24-hour growth for populations in increasing concentration of silver (Ag+) to 100 mg/l after 10 days of evolution. The Ga3+-selected were significantly > controls > ancestors