Table 1 –
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Treatment Group
| Factor | Liver Transplant (n = 568) | Hepatectomy (n = 244) | Ablation (n = 1317) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age category | <0.001 | |||
| 50–64 | 489 (86.1%) | 197 (80.7%) | 1032 (78.4%) | |
| 65–69 | 79 (13.9%) | 47 (19.3%) | 285 (21.6%) | |
| Female sex | 10 (1.8%) | 4 (1.6%) | 16 (1.2%) | 0.62 |
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| White | 333 (58.6%) | 113 (46.3%) | 655 (49.7%) | |
| Black | 73 (12.9%) | 76 (31.1%) | 308 (23.4%) | |
| Hispanic | 58 (10.2%) | 16 (6.6%) | 139 (10.6%) | |
| Asian | 21 (3.7%) | 4 (1.6%) | 32 (2.4%) | |
| Other/Unknown | 83 (14.6%) | 35 (14.3%) | 183 (13.9%) | |
| Body mass index | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 7 (1.2%) | 10(4.1%) | 44 (3.3%) | |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 143 (25.2%) | 86 (35.2%) | 417 (31.7%) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 248 (43.7%) | 87 (35.7%) | 476 (36.2%) | |
| Obese (≥30) | 169 (29.8%) | 61 (25.0%) | 379 (28.8%) | |
| Cause of liver disease | 0.013 | |||
| Hepatitis C | 176 (31.0%) | 57 (23.4%) | 297 (22.6%) | |
| Hepatitis B | 11 (1.9%) | 6 (2.5%) | 28 (2.1%) | |
| Alcoholic liver disease | 49 (8.6%) | 34 (13.9%) | 179 (13.6%) | |
| HCV + EtOH | 272 (47.9%) | 119 (48.8%) | 680 (51.6%) | |
| NAFLD | 49 (8.6%) | 24 (9.8%) | 108 (8.2%) | |
| Other | 11 (1.9%) | 4 (1.6%) | 25 (1.9%) | |
| MELD, median (IQR) | 9 (8,12) | 8 (7, 9) | 9 (7, 11) | <0.001 |
| AST, median (IQR) | 76 (47,112) | 62 (41, 96) | 73 (47,113) | 0.003 |
| ALT, median (IQR) | 63 (41,102) | 64 (38, 94) | 64 (39, 98) | 0.66 |
| Alk Phos, median (IQR) | 106 (81, 143) | 88 (69, 122) | 105 (81, 142) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, median (IQR) | 3 (3, 4) | 4 (3, 4) | 4 (3, 4) | <0.001 |
| Platelet count, median (IQR) | 90 (64,134) | 158 (124, 202) | 109 (75, 153) | <0.001 |
| AFP, median (IQR) | 13 (5, 38) | 12 (5, 73) | 16 (7, 55) | 0.005 |
| AFP category (ng/mL) | <0.001 | |||
| <50 | 444 (79.4%) | 174 (71.6%) | 975 (74.0%) | |
| 50–99 | 45 (8.1%) | 16 (6.6%) | 113 (8.6%) | |
| 100–499 | 52 (9.3%) | 27 (11.1%) | 163 (12.4%) | |
| ≥500 | 18 (3.2%) | 26 (10.7%) | 66 (5.0%) | |
| AUDIT-C positive | 46 (8.1%) | 47 (19.3%) | 261 (19.8%) | <0.001 |
| Decompensated cirrhosis | 100 (17.6%) | 7 (2.9%) | 162 (12.3%) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 55 (9.7%) | 32 (13.1%) | 188 (14.3%) | 0.024 |
| Congestive heart failure | 10 (1.8%) | 6 (2.5%) | 62 (4.7%) | 0.004 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 5 (0.9%) | 1 (0.4%) | 31 (2.4%) | 0.019 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 (1.4%) | 6 (2.5%) | 55 (4.2%) | 0.006 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | 4 (0.3%) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 317 (55.8%) | 118 (48.4%) | 674 (51.2%) | 0.084 |
| Hypertension | 453 (79.8%) | 231 (94.7%) | 1235 (93.8%) | <0.001 |
HCV = hepatitis C; EtOH = alcoholic liver disease; NAFLD = non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MELD = model for end-stage liver disease; IQR = interquartile range; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; Alk Phos = alkaline phosphatase; AFP = alpha fetoprotein; AUDIT-C = alcohol use disorders identification test