Table 1.
Association between PA and socio-demographic variables in Korean adults
| Variables | % | Neither | Resistance only | Aerobic only | Combined | p-value | PA1 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MV (min/wk) | Resistance (d/wk) | |||||||
| Total | 4,021 [26,136,896 (66.0)] | 880 [6,214,780 (15.7)] | 436 [3,365,609 (8.5)] | 483 [3,893,229 (9.8)] | 83.5±4.0 | 0.82±0.03 | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 49.6 | 1,532 [11,363,150 (57.9)] | 521 [3,819,234 (19.4)] | 216 [1,846,260 (9.4)] | 299 [2,612,582 (13.3)] | <0.001 | 109.5±6.61 | 1.09±0.041 |
| Female (reference) | 50.4 | 2,489 [14,773,746 (74.0)] | 359 [2,395,546 (12.0)] | 220 [1,519,349 (7.6)] | 184 [1,280,647 (6.4)] | 57.9±3.7 | 0.56±0.03 | |
| Age (yr) | ||||||||
| 19-44 | 45.4 | 1,306 [11,022,509 (61.3)] | 313 [2,732,177 (15.2)] | 204 [1,802,384 (10.0)] | 256 [2,419,007 (13.5)] | <0.001 | 111.7±6.61 | 0.86±0.041 |
| 45-64 | 38.1 | 1,513 [9,964,925 (66.0)] | 353 [2,473,339 (16.4)] | 189 [1,372,764 (9.1)] | 181 [1,285,525 (8.5)] | 72.7±4.71 | 0.82±0.04 | |
| ≥65 (reference) | 16.5 | 1,201 [5,149,462 (78.8)] | 214 [1,009,263 (15.4)] | 43 [190,460 (2.9)] | 46 [188,697 (2.9)] | 30.9±4.9 | 0.71±0.05 | |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Not married | 23.8 | 585 [5,365,207 (56.9)] | 170 [1,635,760 (17.3)] | 89 [907,329 (9.6)] | 151 [1,521,406 (16.1)] | <0.001 | 126.6±10.41 | 1.04±0.061 |
| Married/live together | 65.5 | 2,746 [17,288,916 (66.7)] | 633 [4,142,231 (16.0)] | 319 [2,291,515 (8.8)] | 303 [2,197,358 (8.5)] | 76.1±4.31 | 0.79±0.031 | |
| Married/live separately (reference) | 10.7 | 688 [3,469,540 (81.7)] | 77 [436,789 (10.3)] | 28 [166,765 (3.9)] | 29 [174,465 (4.1)] | 33.5±5.0 | 0.52±0.05 | |
| Income | ||||||||
| High | 32.0 | 1,021 [7,396,851 (58.6)] | 258 [1,962,602 (25.6)] | 186 [1,509,455 (12.0)] | 220 [1,745,228 (13.8)] | <0.001 | 115.0±6.71 | 0.93±0.041 |
| Mid-high | 29.7 | 1,054 [7,613,712 (65.0)] | 265 [1,926,915 (16.4)] | 135 [1,003,437 (8.6)] | 134 [1,174,657 (10.0)] | 85.2±7.11 | 0.84±0.041 | |
| Mid-low | 23.0 | 1,005 [6,309,395 (69.5)] | 213 [1,459,465 (16.1)] | 82 [620,262 (6.8)] | 94 [688,379 (7.6)] | 65.8±7.9 | 0.77±0.05 | |
| Low (reference) | 15.3 | 929 [4,718,458 (78.0)] | 142 [843,942 (13.9)] | 32 [220,666 (3.6)] | 34 [269,728 (4.5)] | 41.7±9.8 | 0.64±0.08 | |
| Location | ||||||||
| Urban | 85.0 | 3,190 [21,891,690 (65.0)] | 761 [5,391,430 (16.0)] | 381 [2,933,863 (8.7)] | 436 [3,447,515 (10.2)] | 0.143 | 83.6±4.2 | 0.83±0.03 |
| Rural (reference) | 15.0 | 831 [4,245,205 (71.4)] | 119 [823,350 (13.8)] | 55 [431,745 (7.3)] | 47 [445,714 (7.5)] | 82.8±13.4 | 0.77±0.10 | |
| Education level | ||||||||
| University/college | 43.6 | 1,315 [10,021,785 (58.1)] | 390 [3,007,345 (17.4)] | 242 [2,009,433 (11.6)] | 263 [2,213,219 (12.8)] | <0.001 | 107.8±6.21 | 0.91±0.041 |
| High school | 33.0 | 1,173 [8,459,210 (64.9)] | 289 [2,105,752 (16.1)] | 141 [1,088,624 (8.3)] | 174 [1,389,891 (10.7)] | 88.8±6.61 | 0.88±0.051 | |
| Middle school | 8.8 | 437 [2,565,852 (74.0)] | 95 [565,882 (16.3)] | 31 [163,266 (4.7)] | 23 [173,569 (5.0)] | 56.6±17.51 | 0.84±0.101 | |
| Elementary school (reference) | 14.6 | 1,088 [5,037,117 (87.1)] | 105 [527,500 (9.1)] | 22 [104,285 (1.8)] | 23 [116,549 (2.0)] | 16.0±2.5 | 0.42±0.04 | |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Manager/profession | 17.1 | 511 [3,927,068 (58.3)] | 152 [1,231,194 (18.3)] | 82 [724,036 (10.7)] | 106 [859,419 (12.7)] | <0.001 | 107.3±9.31 | 0.94±0.061 |
| Office job | 12.9 | 404 [3,066,667 (60.3)] | 114 [877,095 (17.3)] | 67 [554,935 (10.9)] | 70 [585,138 (11.5)] | 93.1±8.71 | 0.88±0.081 | |
| Inoccupation (housewife/students) | 35.1 | 1,623 [9,293,231 (67.0)] | 334 [2,110,621 (15.2)] | 145 [1,088,174 (7.8)] | 179 [1,376,645 (9.9)] | 79.8±6.71 | 0.85±0.051 | |
| Service industry | 12.0 | 452 [3,124,938 (65.8)] | 101 [764,866 (16.1)] | 55 [394,778 (8.3)] | 52 [464,145 (9.8)] | 78.8±10.4 | 0.82±0.081 | |
| Engineer | 11.8 | 398 [3,195,767 (68.6)] | 96 [731,258 (15.7)] | 42 [322,911 (6.9)] | 46 [410,697 (8.8)] | 75.7±12.1 | 0.78±0.081 | |
| Agriculture/forestry/fishery | 3.2 | 237 [1,011,866 (79.0)] | 27 [177,091 (13.8)] | 11 [58,774 (4.6)] | 4 [33,708 (2.6)] | 55.3±22.3 | 0.49±0.08 | |
| Labor (reference) | 7.9 | 389 [2,451,315 (78.7)] | 55 [309,273 (9.9)] | 32 [196,644 (6.3)] | 25 [155,998 (5.0)] | 54.3±9.4 | 0.53±0.06 | |
| Job status | ||||||||
| Employed | 65.0 | 2,393 [16,805,826 (65.4)] | 546 [4,104,159 (16.0)] | 291 [2,277,435 (8.9)] | 304 [2,516,584 (9.8)] | 0.582 | 85.6±4.9 | 0.80±0.03 |
| Unemployed (reference) | 35.0 | 1,623 [9,293,231 (67.0)] | 334 [2,110,621 (15.2)] | 145 [1,088,174 (7.8)] | 179 [1,376,645 (9.9)] | 79.8±6.7 | 0.85±0.05 | |
| Position in work | ||||||||
| Employer/self-ownership | 23.1 | 593 [3,827,031 (64.5)] | 158 [1,112,280 (18.8)] | 76 [523,433 (8.8)] | 62 [468,944 (7.9)] | 0.069 | 73.1±6.91 | 0.87±0.06 |
| Unpaid family worker | 3.9 | 148 [757,704 (75.2)] | 21 [139,975 (13.9)] | 11 [65,065 (6.5)] | 7 [44,828 (4.4)] | 56.6±21.7 | 0.59±0.16 | |
| Employee (reference) | 73.0 | 1,652 [12,221,091 (65.1)] | 367 [2,851,904 (15.2)] | 204 [1,688,936 (9.0)] | 235 [2,002,812 (10.7)] | 91.1±5.8 | 0.79±0.04 | |
| Employment status | 51.5 | |||||||
| Regular (permanent) worker | 739 [5,975,330 (61.9)] | 181 [1,515,160 (15.7)] | 120 [1,009,134 (10.5)] | 135 [1,155,242 (12.0)] | 0.010 | 103.2±8.21 | 0.81±0.05 | |
| Contingent worker (reference) | 48.5 | 913 [6,245,760 (68.6)] | 186 [1,336,744 (14.7)] | 84 [679,802 (7.5)] | 100 [847,570 (9.3)] | 78.3±7.4 | 0.78±0.05 | |
Values are presented as unweighted number [estimated number (%)] or mean±standard deviation.
PA, physical activity; MV, moderate to vigorous aerobic.
1
A p-value was calculated versus reference group.
*
p<0.05.