Table 3.
Association between PA and lifestyle variables in Korean adults
| Variables | % | Neither | Resistance only1 | Aerobic only1 | Combined1 | p-value | PA1 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MV (min/wk) | Resistance (d/wk) | |||||||
| Smoking | ||||||||
| No | 79.1 | 3,301 [20,446,756 (65.2)] | 723 [5,016,478 (16.0)] | 365 [2,760,063 (8.8)] | 402 [3,116,831 (9.9)] | 0.294 | 84.5±4.5 | 0.83±0.03 |
| Yes (reference) | 20.9 | 720 [5,690,140 (68.8)] | 157 [1,198,301 (14.5)] | 71 [605,546 (7.3)] | 81 [776,398 (9.4)] | 79.9±8.4 | 0.77±0.06 | |
| Drink | ||||||||
| Never/no within 1 yr | 22.7 | 1,228 [6,710,410 (74.5)] | 216 [1,334,565 (14.8)] | 78 [517,954 (5.7)] | 61 [446,184 (5.0)] | <0.001 | 50.8±7.2* | 0.64±0.05* |
| ≤1/wk | 53.0 | 1,936 [13,291,122 (63.3)] | 453 [3,325,489 (15.8)] | 244 [1,898,214 (9.0)] | 299 [2,471,272 (11.8)] | 93.3±5.2 | 0.87±0.03 | |
| ≥2/wk (reference) | 24.3 | 857 [6,135,364 (63.8)] | 211 [1,554,726 (16.2)] | 114 [949,440 (9.9)] | 123 [975,773 (10.1)] | 92.9±8.0 | 0.88±0.06 | |
| Sleeping time (hr) | ||||||||
| ≥7 | 63.3 | 2,544 [16,672,394 (66.7)] | 533 [3,788,823 (15.2)] | 274 [2,171,065 (8.7)] | 291 [2,362,545 (9.5)] | 0.326 | 80.8±4.9 | 0.80±0.03 |
| <7 (reference) | 36.7 | 1,456 [9,372,539 (64.6)] | 346 [2,421,614 (16.7)] | 161 [1,190,699 (8.2)] | 191 [1,525,436 (10.5)] | 88.6±6.0 | 0.86±0.04 | |
| Frequency of breakfast (d/wk)2 | ||||||||
| ≥5 | 59.6 | 2,438 [15,872,878 (66.7)] | 519 [3,874,866 (16.3)] | 232 [1,835,349 (7.7)] | 248 [2,212,135 (9.3)] | 0.174 | 75.9±4.7 | 0.85±0.04 |
| <5 (reference) | 40.4 | 1,131 [10,384,185 (64.4)] | 247 [2,503,065 (15.5)] | 145 [1,536,873 (9.5)] | 150 [1,689,054 (10.5)] | 89.9±7.0 | 0.79±0.04 | |
| Energy intake (kcal/d)2 | - | 1,892.1±21.5 | 1,991.2±42.1* | 2,028.2±51.7* | 2,122.6±60.0* | <0.001 | NA | NA |
| Water intake (g/d)2 | - | 1,053.1±17.1 | 1,149.5±35.7* | 1,232.9±31.3* | 1,303.5±37.0* | <0.001 | NA | NA |
| Carbohydrate intake (g/d)2 | - | 294.9±3.0 | 306.2±5.6* | 304.1±6.2 | 301.6±7.8 | 0.120 | NA | NA |
| Protein intake (g/d)2 | - | 70.5±1.0 | 75.3±2.2* | 77.2±2.2* | 85.9±3.0* | <0.001 | NA | NA |
| Fat intake (g/d)2 | - | 44.4±0.9 | 47.7±1.4* | 53.8±2.7* | 57.2±2.7* | <0.001 | NA | NA |
Values are presented as unweighted number [estimated number (%)] or mean±standard deviation.
PA, physical activity; MV, moderate to vigorous aerobic; NA, not applicable.
1
A p-value was calculated versus neither or reference group.
2
Nutrition survey weighted data.
*
p<0.05.