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. 2019 Dec 23;39(12):BSR20193190. doi: 10.1042/BSR20193190

Figure 3. The main mechanism by which CyPA promotes cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling.

Figure 3

(1) CyPA is secreted in response to ROS, and then produces ROS to promote oxidative damage, mediates inflammatory response. (2) CyPA promotes the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and has a direct hypertrophic effect on cardiomyocytes. (3) CyPA stimulates vascular injury. (4) CyPA activates MMPs via EMMPRIN to promote ECM dissolution.