Figure 2.

Summary of the neurobiology underlying cognitive impairments in meth use disorder and schizophrenia. (A) People with meth use disorder or schizophrenia display similar patterns of gray matter reduction associated with learning and memory impairments in the hippocampus (HPC) and parietal lobe. People with schizophrenia also display reduced activity in the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. (B) People with meth use disorder or schizophrenia display similar patterns of gray matter reduction associated with social cognition impairments in the insular cortex. They also display reduced activity in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices (dlPFC and vlPFC, respectively). They display opposite patterns of activity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices (ACC and PCC, respectively). (C) People with meth use disorder or schizophrenia display similar reduced activity in the vlPFC, ACC and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) associated with executive dysfunction. People with schizophrenia may display dlPFC hypo- or hyperactivity, depending on task difficulty and working memory load. Executive dysfunction is also associated with reduced medial frontal gyrus (MFG) gray matter in people with meth use disorder, and reduced orbital IFG gray matter in people with schizophrenia.