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(a) TNS-heat-UV group showed the highest rate of adherence at each time point; (b) The adhesion of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) on the Ti disks after 0.5, 1, and 3 h of culture; (c) The mRNA levels of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Von Willebrand factor were higher in the TNS-heat-UV and TNS-heat groups than in the control groups after 2 and 5 days of culture, respectively (* p < 0.05 vs. TNS, # p < 0.05 vs. TNS-heat).
