| ET-1 | Endothelin-1 |
| ETA | endothelin type A receptor |
| ETB | endothelin type B receptor |
| ERA | endothelin receptor antagonists |
| FITC | fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| GlcA | glucuronic acid |
| GLUT-1 | glucose transport-1 |
| HMG-CoA | 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutanyl coenzyme A |
| IPAH | idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension |
| MCT | monocrotaline |
| mPAP | mean pulmonary arterial pressure |
| nano-DDS | nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems |
| NPs | nanoparticles |
| PAH | pulmonary arterial hypertension |
| PASMCs | pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells |
| PDE5 | phosphodiesterase type-5 |
| PDGF | platelet-derived growth factor |
| PEG | poly-(ethyleneglycol)-block |
| PGI2 | prostaglandin I2 |
| PH | pulmonary hypertension |
| PLA | poly(lactide) |
| PLGA | poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) |
| PVR | pulmonary vascular resistance |
| RCTs | randomized clinical trials |
| sGC | soluble guanylate cyclase |