| GDM | Gestational diabetes mellitus |
| CAMTA1 | Calmodulin binding transcription activator 1 |
| MAPK | Mitogen activated protein kinase |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| T2D | Type 2 diabetes |
| CpG | Cytosine-phosphate-guanine |
| OGTT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| HOMA | Homeostatic model of assessment |
| CRP | c-Reactive protein |
| HbA1c | Glycated hemoglobin |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| FDR | False discovery rate |
| UTR | Untranslated regions |
| CDS | Coding domain sequences |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| GO | Gene Ontology |
| NRG1 | Neuregulin 1 |
| SNIP1 | smad Nuclear Interacting Protein 1 |
| PPFIBP2 | Protein-tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, f polypeptide-interacting protein-binding protein 2 |
| SWAP70 | Switching b cell complex subunit swap70 |
| SEMA6D | Semiphorin 6d |
| CDH8 | Cadherin 8 |
| WNT6 | Wnt family member 6 |
| RFTN1 | Raftlin, lipid raft linker 1 |
| UNC5C | Unc-5 netrin receptor c |
| NUDT6 | Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety x motif 6 |
| STOX2 | Storkhead box |
| MSH5 | Muts protein homolog 5 |
| KHDRBS2 | KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 2 |
| NRG1 | Neuregulin 1 |
| SLC9A3 | Solute carrier family 9 member a3 |
| MEA1 | Male-enhanced antigen 1 |
| KLHDC3 | Kelch domain-containing protein 3 |
| RASA3 | RAS p21 protein activator 3 |
| CYP26B1 | Cytochrome p450 family 26 subfamily b member 1 |
| IADPSG | International association of diabetes in pregnancy study group |
| WHO | World Health Organisation |
| HAPO | Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes |
| T1D | Type 1 diabetes |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| NOOB | Normal-exponential out-of-band |
| SEM | Standard error of the mean |
| ANOVA | One-way analysis of variance |