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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Effects of SA Signaling. Primary effects encompass plant specific effects. Secondary effects involve direct and indirect interactions with pathogens and herbivores. Tertiary effects comprise interactions with natural enemies.