Table 1.
An overview of current stem cell therapies for cerebral ischemia.
| Cell Source | Route | Timing | Subject | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hAMSC | iTCX | 24 h PS | MCAo, rat | Immunomodulatory function; improved behaviour | [4] |
| hAECs | iv | 1.5-h; 1–3 days PS | MCAo, mice | Reduced inflammation, infarct volume and functional deficits. | [6] |
| hUCB-MSCs | tv | 1-day PS | MCAo, rat | Prevented the induction of matrix metalloproteinases | [7] |
| hNPCs | iTCX | 1-week PS | MCAo, rat | Improved functional results | [8,9] |
| hBMEPCs | iv | 48-h PS | Improved angiogenesis | [10] | |
| hAPOSCs | iTCX | 1-hr PS | MCAo, mice | Decreased infarct volume; improved angiogenesis and functional results | [11] |
| hAPOSCs | iTCX | 3–6 h PS | humans | No side effects after 12 mo | [11] |
| hiNSC | 5-days PS | MCAo, pig | Good recovery of brain integrity, perfusion and function | [12,13] | |
| hADMSCs | ia | 1-h PS | MCAo, rat | Improved infarct volume | [21] |
| hEPC-cxcl12 | iTCX | 1-week PS | MCAo, mice | Improved angiogenesis, neurogenesis and functional results | [19] |
| rBM-MSCs | iv | 2-h PS | MCAo, rat | Improved interhemispheric connectivity | [20] |
| H-rBMSCs | iTCX | 1-h PS | MCAo, mice | Diminished infarct volumes, attenuated blood-brain barrier disruption | [23,24] |
| hADMSCs+Eenv | iv | 2-days PS | MCAo, rat | Improved behavioural outcome | [22] |
| rBM-MSCs+ G-CSF | iv | 3-h PS | MCAo, rat | Improved behavioural outcome | [25] |
| rBM-MNs+ G-CSF | iv | 3-h PS | MCAo, rat | Improved behavioural outcome | [26] |
| MSCs+T3 | 24-h PS | Decreased infarct volume, decrease in apoptosis | [27] | ||
| MSC+PA | 24-h PS | Decreased infarct volume, decrease in apoptosis | [27] |
Abbreviations: hAMSC, human placenta amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells; hAECs, human amnion epithelial cells; hUCB-MSCs, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells; hNPCs, human neuronal progenitor cells; hBMEPCs, bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells; hAPOSCs, adult human pluripotent-like olfactory stem cells; hiNSC, human induced pluripotent neural stem cells; hADMSCs, adipose human tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells; hEPC-cxcl12, lentivirus overexpressing CXCL12 in human endothelial progenitor cells; rBM-MSCs, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells; H-rBMSCs, hypoxic preconditioning of rat BMSCs; iTCX, intracortical; iv, intravenously; tv, tail vein; ia, intra-arterial; PS, post stroke; PA, physical activity; T3, thyroid hormone; Eenv, enriched environment.