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. 2019 Nov 27;20(23):5972. doi: 10.3390/ijms20235972

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Tight junction proteins in migration and invasion. Overexpression of TJ proteins has been associated with the promotion of cell migration and invasion in cancer cells. EGFR expression has been correlated with ZO-1 localization at nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, and inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation leads to relocalization of ZO-1 to cell-contacts. PKCε promotes ZO interaction with α5-integrin. Claudin-1 (Cl-1) activates PKCδ, which in turn, binds to c-Abl transcription factors and activates MMP transcription. MMPs are secreted and induce basal membrane degradation, increasing the invasive potential of cancer cells. Similarly, EphB1 receptor phosphorylation has been associated with claudin-4 (Cl-4) altered expression promoting MMP expression and secretion. Claudin-11 (Cl-11) interaction with OAP1 and β1-integrin increases cell migration through AF6 and PDZ-GEF2 interaction and Rap1 activation.