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. 2019 Dec 2;20(23):6078. doi: 10.3390/ijms20236078

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The highlighted benefit of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. HGF potentially attenuates the inflammatory cascade to inhibit M1-like macrophages from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. HGF suppresses glial scar formation through the reduction of TGF-β secretion and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) production in reactive astrocytes. HGF also promotes the neural differentiation of grafted neural stem cells (NSCs).