Table 1.

Outcomes and Status of RCT’s using Biologics in Sepsis.

Biologic Class	Equivocal Outcomes	Beneficial Outcomes	Current Status/Considerations
rhAPC	[55,56,58,60,64]	[57,59,61]	No clear benefit, discontinued
Heparins	[46,65]		Potential for LMWH, not UFH
hrIL-1a		[14,15,16]	Potential MODS benefit. Need more data in larger trials. More stringent biomarker-guided I/E criteria.
Alk Phos		[34]	Need more data in larger trials.
anti-TNFα	[31]	[27,30]	Potential benefit with Fabs. More stringent biomarker-guided I/E criteria.
IVIG	[44]		No clear benefit.
GM-CSF		[35,37]	Inconclusive. Need more data in larger trials.
rPAF-AH	[51]		Inconclusive. More stringent biomarker-guided I/E criteria.