5-FU	5-fluorouracil
APC	Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
APC	antigen-presenting cell
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
BMPR2	BMP receptor type 2
CAF	cancer-associated fibroblast
CCL	C-C motif chemokine ligand
CDC	cell-division cycle
CMS	consensus molecular subtype
Co-SMAD	common-mediator SMAD
CRC	colorectal cancer
CTLA4	cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
CXCL	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand
dMMR	mismatch repair deficiency
EMT	epithelial to mesenchymal transition
FOXP3	forkhead box P3
GDF15	growth differentiation factor-15
GEMM	genetically-engineered mouse model
IL	interleukin
INFγ	interferon-γ
I-SMAD	inhibitory SMAD
JAK	Janus kinase
LOH	loss of heterozygosity
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDSC	myeloid-derived suppressor cells
MHC	major histocompatibility complex
MLH	MutL homolog
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
MSC	mesenchymal stem cell
MSH	MutS homolog
MSI	microsatellite instability
MSI-H	high level of MSI
PCR	polymerase chain reaction
PD1	programmed cell death 1
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIK3CA	PI3K catalytic subunit-α
PMS	Postmeiotic segregation increased
R-SMAD	receptor-regulated SMAD
ROCK	Rho-associated protein kinase
SMAD	Caenorhabditis elegans SMA and Drosophila MAD
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription
TAM	tumor-associated macrophages
TAN	tumor-associated neutrophils
TCR	T-cell receptor
TGFβ	Transforming growth factor-beta
TGFBR2	TGFβ receptor type 2
TH1	type 1 T-helper cell
TNFα	tumor necrosis factor-α
T-reg	regulatory T-cell
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor