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Age-associated B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a novel subset of autoreactive B cells characterized by their unique expression of CD11c and the transcription factor T-bet. During the stimulation of anti-CD40, CpG, IL-21, and IFN-γ, naïve mature follicular B cells differentiate into CD11c+T-bet+ ABCs. Importantly, significant accumulation of ABCs accelerates SLE progression via autoantibody secretion and autoantigen-presentation.
