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Long-lived plasma cells in SLE. The terminally differentiated long-lived plasma cells secrete large amounts of antibodies. In the healthy condition, the majority of long-lived plasma cells may migrate to bone marrow survival niches. However, the upregulated CXCL9 and CXCL12 in the inflamed organs of SLE, such as kidney, may recruit the autoreactive long-lived plasma cells to maintain local autoimmune inflammation.
