Figure 2.

Combined treatment with ketamine radiation affected neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity. (A) The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of associated signaling pathways based on all significantly deregulated hippocampal proteins in the co-exposure groups is shown. The functions and pathways in the categories “canonical pathways” and “diseases and biofunctions”, respectively, were ranked by their significance and displayed using a gray color gradient (the darker the color, the higher the pathway score). The pathway scores represent the negative log of the p-value derived from the Fisher′s exact test, where all gray boxes have a p-value of ≤0.05; n = 5. (B) Prediction of activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (orange color) was based on the deregulated proteins from the co-exposure groups. The upregulated proteins are marked in red and the downregulated proteins are in green. Immunoblot analyses of the relative expression of (C) BDNF, (D) ARC, and (E) PSD-95 in single and combined treatment groups were normalized to the total amount of proteins measured by Ponceau staining (Figure S1). Error bars represent the SEM, n = 4, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple testing).