Table 3.

Example of factors to consider in the evolution of vector-borne disease from the standpoint of the vertebrate/human host.

What the vertebrate host (human) wants:

From the pathogen

1. Low pathogenicity

2. Short infections

3. Short infectious period

4. Easily recognized antigens for immune response and vaccine development

From the mosquito

1. Low density

2. Poor host seeking

3. Low competence to transmit

4. Short life time