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. 2019 Nov 29;20(23):6016. doi: 10.3390/ijms20236016

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Stromal cell-derived exosomes’ effects on tumor and stromal cells in colorectal cancer: (A) CAF-derived exosomes promote tumor growth, migration, metastasis, and drug resistance, (B) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes promote colon cancer stem cell-like traits, (C) Treg-derived exosomes inhibit Th1 immune response promoting immunosuppression, (D) M2 macrophage-derived exosomes promote tumor metastases. References are shown in brackets [27,103,104,105,106,107,108,109]. Created with BioRender.com.