Fig. 2.

Dual effects of high-dose aspirin on osteoclasts and osteoblasts activities. Aspirin at high dosage regulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation by activating or inhibiting molecules and target cells. High-dose aspirin has multiple roles in the regulation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The solid red arrows indicate the promotion of cellular processes, and the solid green lines indicate inhibition of cellular processes. HSC hematopoietic stem cells, MSC mesenchymal stem cells, T cell T lymphocytes, Pre-OC precursors of osteoclasts, Pre-OB precursors of osteoblasts