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. 2019 Dec 23;19:520. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2675-y

Table 6.

The dependence of variables on occurrence / experience of abuse (excluding violence) in childbirth (N = 6777)

Abuse (any indication from Bohren) No abuse Test
Age (years) <  25 779 (84.95%) 138 (15.05%) X2(3) = 28.22 p < 0.001
26–30 2995 (81.83%) 665 (18.17%)
31–35 2399 (79.91%) 603 (20.09%)
>  36 604 (75.59%) 195 (24.41%)
Mode of delivery Vaginal delivery 4082 (79.45%) 1056 (20.55%) X2(2) = 21.81 p < 0.001
Instrumental vaginal delivery 183 (88.41%) 24 (11.59%)
Cesarean section 2512 (82.82%) 521 (17.18%)
Place of residence City above 500,000 inhabitants 1978 (77.66%) 569 (22.34%) X2(4) = 29.11 p < 0.001
City 100,000–500,000 inhabitants 1452 (82.59%) 306 (17.41%)
City between 50,000–100,000 inhabitants 929 (84.00%) 177 (16.00%)
City below 50,000 inhabitants 1234 (82.21%) 267 (17.79%)
Village 1184 (80.76%) 282 (19.24%)
Education Elementary/Middle School 66 (88.00%) 9 (12.00%) X2(3) = 8.05 P < 0.05
Trade School 87 (79.09%) 23 (20.91%)
High School 1314 (82.90%) 271 (17.10%)
Higher School 5310 (80.36%) 1298 (19.64%)
Parenting school Yes 3651 (83.47%) 723 (16.53%) X2(1) = 39.41 p < 0.001
No 3126 (78.07%) 878 (21.93%)
Childbirth with an accompanying person Yes 4915 (81.60%) 1108 (18.40%) X2(1) = 7.06 P < 0.01
No 1862 (79.07%) 493 (20.93%)