Table 2.
Wealth-based inequities in utilization of selected maternal and child health services
| Type of child health services | No of subjects | Overall utilization | Q1 utilization | Q5 utilization | Difference (Q5-Q1; % points) | Slope index of inequity /SII (% points) | Ratio (Q5: Q1) | Concentration index/CIX (X100) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | % | % | % | % | SE | P | value | % | SE | P | |
| Maternal health services | ||||||||||||
| Antenatal care (4 or more visits) | 714 | 30 | 20 | 44 | 24 | 22.0 | 5.8 | < 0.001 | 2.2 | 13.2 | 3.3 | < 0.001 |
| Skilled birth attendance | 714 | 48 | 29 | 71 | 42 | 46.0 | 5.4 | < 0.001 | 2.5 | 17.5 | 2.1 | < 0.001 |
| Postnatal care (within two days) | 714 | 12 | 8 | 18 | 10 | 9.0 | 4.2 | 0 .042 | 2.2 | 14.1 | 6.0 | 0.020 |
| Child health services | ||||||||||||
| BCG immunization | 567 | 66 | 69 | 65 | −4 | −9.5 | 6.8 | 0.163 | 0.94 | −2.4 | 1.7 | 0.170 |
| Polio 3 immunization | 567 | 64 | 66 | 63 | −3 | −6.1 | 6.9 | 0.380 | 0.95 | −1.8 | 1.8 | 0.338 |
| Pentavalent 3 immunization | 567 | 54 | 56 | 57 | −1 | − 1.7 | 7.2 | 0.810 | 1.02 | −0.3 | 2.2 | 0.911 |
| Measles immunization | 567 | 61 | 60 | 57 | −3 | −7.0 | 7.2 | 0.326 | 0.95 | −2.1 | 1.9 | 0.286 |
| Full immunization | 567 | 41 | 42 | 44 | −2 | −5.0 | 7.2 | 0.488 | 1.05 | −1.8 | 3.0 | 0.548 |
| Vitamin A supplementation | 924 | 57 | 60 | 57 | −3 | − 5.1 | 5.6 | 0.361 | 0.95 | −0.7 | 1.6 | 0.662 |
Immunization coverage was computed for children aged 12–23 months and vitamin A supplementation for 6–23 months old. CIX- concentration index, SII-slope index of inequity. SE-standard error, Q1-wealth quintile 1 (20% poorest), Q5-wealth quintile 5 (20% better-off), 95%CI- 95% confidence interval. “Difference” (Q5-Q1) is a measure of an absolute difference in utilization of the services between the better-off (Q5) and poorest (Q1); “Ratio” is a measure of relative inequity of Q5 divided by Q1. The SII is an estimate of absolute inequity that takes the whole population into account and interpreted as the percentage point difference. The CIX is an estimate of relative inequity which takes the whole population into account. For all equity indices, the results are presented in percentages.