Table 3.
Health outcomes of Control, ‘COPD Risk (undiagnosed)’ and ‘COPD Diagnosed’ groups
| All | Control group | ‘COPD Risk (undiagnosed)’ group | ‘COPD Diagnosed’ group | Risk vs. Control, p value | Diagnosed vs. Control, p value | Risk vs. Diagnosed, p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 19,994) | (n = 16,161) | (n = 3320) | (n = 513) | ||||
| Healthcare resource use (in past 6 months), mean ± SD | |||||||
| ER visits | 0.32 ± 1.00 | 0.26 ± 0.87 | 0.53 ± 1.38 | 0.68 ± 1.42 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Hospitalisations | 0.13 ± 0.83 | 0.09 ± 0.81 | 0.31 ± 0.91 | 0.27 ± 0.74 | 0.000 | < 0.001 | 0.534 |
| HCP visits | 1.49 ± 3.53 | 1.30 ± 3.39 | 2.12 ± 3.86 | 3.28 ± 4.55 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Respiratory specialist visits | 0.08 ± 0.69 | 0.07 ± 0.56 | 0.11 ± 1.11 | 0.39 ± 0.93 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| WPAI, mean ± SD | |||||||
| %Absenteeisma | 3.93 ± 10.8 | 3.22 ± 9.62 | 8.87 ± 16.2 | 6.75 ± 13.8 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| %Presenteeisma | 21.5 ± 24.6 | 19.7 ± 23.9 | 34.0 ± 27.1 | 26.4 ± 22.7 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| %Overall work impairmenta | 23.4 ± 26.0 | 21.4 ± 25.0 | 37.7 ± 28.9 | 29.7 ± 25.1 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| %Activity impairment | 20.6 ± 23.1 | 18.2 ± 22.0 | 31.1 ± 25.0 | 27.0 ± 23.1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | < 0.001 |
| HRQoL, mean ± SD | |||||||
| MCS (SF-12v2) | 48.5 ± 7.92 | 49.0 ± 7.82 | 46.6 ± 7.99 | 45.6 ± 7.89 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.029 |
| PCS (SF-12v2) | 50.7 ± 6.83 | 51.7 ± 6.28 | 46.3 ± 7.44 | 47.5 ± 6.96 | 0.000 | 0.000 | < 0.001 |
| Health Utility (EQ-5D) | 0.93 ± 0.12 | 0.94 ± 0.10 | 0.87 ± 0.18 | 0.88 ± 0.15 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.067 |
a Absenteeism, Presenteeism and Overall Work Impairment calculated for the employed population only (n = 14,889)
Abbreviations: ER Emergency Room; HCP Healthcare provider; HRQoL Health-related quality of life; SF-12v2 Short Form-12 version 2; MCS mental component summary; PCS physical component summary; SD Standard Deviation; WPAI Work Productivity and Activity Impairment