Fig. 1.

Human travel and malaria on Bioko Island. a Estimated percentage of people travelling to mainland EG within 8 weeks preceding the MIS. b Travel fraction, or the fraction of PfPR that could be explained by infection importation from mainland EG. c Local residual transmission, or the estimated PfPR in the absence infection importation. The maps were reproduced from data published in Guerra et al. [30] and are based on the 2015–2017 MIS data from Bioko Island. Pixels correspond to $1\times 1$ km inhabited areas. The red, dashed rectangle in a delimits urban Malabo