Fig. 4.

Validating expression patterns of up- or down-regulated genes in the 15N and 15AN treatments but not in 15A treatment by qRT-PCR in P. notoginseng. All values shown are mean values ± standard errors (S.E.). The asterisks indicate significant differences compared with the 15A treatment under the same treatment conditions (Student’s t-test). Standard deviations were calculated from three technical replicates. The results shown were reproduced with three biological replicates. * represents P-values <0.05; ** represents P-values <0.01; *** represents P-values <0.001. a and b The up- and down-regulated genes in the 15N and 15AN treatments detected using RNA-seq profiles in P. notoginseng. (c) and (d) The expression levels of the up- and down-regulated genes in Part (a) and (b), respectively, verified using qRT-PCR