. 2019 Dec 23;19:989. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4808-4

Table 3.

Prevalence of mild to moderate distress by sub-group

Variable ^a	Group	Patients	Prevalence (%)	Comparison of proportions ^b
ESRD pathway stage	Pre-RRT	64/182	35.2	X² = 4.89; p = 0.183
	Dialysis < 2 years	55/154	35.7
	Dialysis 2+ years	109/300	36.3
	Transplant	118/404	29.2
Dialysis type (n = 454)	Haemodialysis	129/343	37.6	X² = 3.36; p = 0.186
	Home haemodialysis	13/31	41.9
	Peritoneal dialysis	22/80	27.5
Age group	< 50 years	78/174	44.8	X² = 14.33; p = 0.0008
	50 to 69 years	145/441	32.9
	70+ years	119/414	28.7
Gender	Male	191/633	30.2	X² = 6.63; p = 0.01
Gender	Female	155/407	38.1	X² = 6.63; p = 0.01
Ethnicity	White	283/902	31.4	X² = 10.36; p = 0.0013
Ethnicity	Black and minority ethnic	63/138	45.7	X² = 10.36; p = 0.0013

^a Distress prevalence based on 1040 patient surveys returned out of the 3730 eligible patients surveyed; ^b Bold text indicates statistically significant findings