Table 2.
Clinical outcomes of OTSC
| Study | Indication, n | Bleeding classification (spurting/oozing/visible vessel/ adherent clot) | No. of receiving an antithrombotic | Technical success, n (%) | Clinical success, n (%) | No. of OTSC deployments, n | Re-bleeding, n (%) | Additional therapy, n (E/S/V) | Number of blood units transfused | Post-procedure 30-day mortality, n (%) | Complications of OTSC, n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kirschniak et al. [16] | Peptic ulcer (8), Mallory-Weiss (1), Dieulafoy (1), Tumor (2) | – | – | 12 (100%) | 10 (83.3%) | – | 2 (16.7%) | 2 (2/0/0) | – | – | 0 |
| Albert et al. [17] | Peptic ulcer (5), Tumor (1) | – | – | 6 (100%) | 4 (66.7%) | 1.17 (1–2) | 2 (33.3%) | 2 (0/1/1) | – | 1 (16.7%) (due to multiorgan failure) | 1 (leak) |
| Manta et al. [18] | Peptic ulcerr (18), Mallory-Weiss (2), Dieulafoy (2), Anastomosis (1) | – | – | 22 (95.7%) | 21 (91.3%) | 1 | 2 (8.7%) | 3 (2/0/1) | – | 0 | 0 |
| Mönkemüller et al. [19] | Peptic ulcer (5), Dieulafoy (1), | 1/5/−/− | – | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Chan et al. [11] | Peptic ulcer (7), Tumor (2) | – | – | 9 (100%) | 7 (77.8%) | – | 2 (22.2%) | 2 (0/1/1) | – | 1 (11.1%) (due to re-bleeding) | 0 |
| Skinner et al. [12] | Peptic ulcer (8), Mallory-Weiss (1), Dieulafoy (2), Anastomotic (1) | 2/6/2/1 | – | 12 (100%) | 10 (83.3%) | – | 2 (16.7%) | 2 (1/1/1) | 5.1 (2–12) | 0 | 0 |
| Manno et al. [20] | Peptic ulcer (29), Mallory Weiss (2), Dieulafoy (6), Anastomotic (3), | 3/12/14/− | – | 40 (100%) | 40 (100%) | – | 0 | 0 | – | 3 (7.5%) (related to comorbidity) | 0 |
| Wedi et al. [21] | Peptic ulcer (38), Balloon dilation for achalasia (1), Tumor (2) | 9/3/23/3 | 31 (75.6%) | 35 (85.4%) | 35 (85.4%) | 1.05 (1–2) | – | 6 (0/6/0) | – |
11 (26.8%) (5 due to re-bleeding; 6 due to other causes) |
– |
| Richter-Schrag et al. [22] | Peptic plcer (48), Mallory-Weiss (2), Dieulafoy (4), Post-endoscopic procedures (5), Anastomoses (5), Vascular malformation (1), Tumor (4) | 20/36/10/3 | 29 (46.0%) | 68 (98.6%) | 61 (88.4%) | 1 | – | – | – | 17 (27.0%) (4 due to re-bleeding; 13 due to comorbidity) | 1 (obstruction) |
| Lamberts et al. [23] | – | – | – | 68 (100%) | 44 (64.7%) | – | 24 (35.3%) | – | – | – | – |
| Goenka et al. [24] | Peptic ulcer (4), Mallory-Weiss (1), Post-endoscopic procedures (1) | 3/3/0/0 | 1 (16.7%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wedi et al. [25] | – | – | 77 (65.3%) | 120 (100%) | 104 (86.7%) | 1 | 16 (13.3%) | – | – | 24 (20.3%) (7 due to re-bleeding or continued bleeding; 17 due to other cause) | – |
| Schmidt et al. [26] | Peptic ulcer (33) | 5/18/7/3 | 15 (45.5%) | 31 (93.9%) | 28 (84.8%) | 1.03 (1–2) | 5 (15.2%) | 2 (2/1/0) | 3 (0–23) | 4 (12.1%) (not related to re-bleeding) | 0 |
| Asokkumar et al. [27] | Peptic ulcer (12), Dieulafoy (4), Post-endoscopic procedures (3) | 10/0/5/4 | 10 (52.6%) | 19 (100%) | 13 (68.4%) | 1.10 (1–2) | 0 | 6 (6/0/1) | 1.5 ± 1.2 (0–4) | 3 (17%) (due to comorbidity) | 0 |
| Manta et al. [13] | Peptic ulcer (131), Mallory-Weiss (29), Dieulafoy (11), Anastomosis (19), Post-endoscopic procedures (24) | 97/117/−/− | – | 208 (97.2%) | 202 (94.4%) | – | 9 (4.2%) | 21 (−) | 2 (range 1–3) | 4 (1.9%) (due to re-bleeding or continued bleeding) | – |
| Gölder et al. [28] | Peptic plcer (100) | 51/23/26/− | 44 (44%) | 99 (99%) | 75 (75%) | – | 17 (17%) | 17 (6 /2/9) | 3.34 | 16 (16%) (9 due to re-bleeding or continued bleeding, 7 due to other cause) | – |
OTSC Over-the-Scope Clip, E endoscopic, S surgery, V vascular embolization, EMR endoscopic mucosal resection, Post-endoscopic procedures, after gastric biopsy, gastric polypectomy, endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration of peri-gastricmass, endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection