Figure 3.

Xanthohumol neuroprotection is mediated by the Nrf2 pathway. (A–C) Cortical cells were co-treated with 5 µM trigonelline and polyphenols (5 µM xanthohumol or 3 µM quercetin) for 24 hours before 96-hour exposure to 200 µM corticosterone (CORT). Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (D) Cortical cells were co-treated with 5 µM trigonelline and 5 µM xanthohumol or 3 µM quercetin for 24 hours. Relative expression of Nrf2-activated genes (Ho-1, Nqo-1, and Gclc), Creb1, and Bdnf induced by (E–I) xanthohumol and (J–N) quercetin was determined through real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments performed in triplicate (***P < .001; **P < .01; ***P < .001). Gclc glutamate—cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; Ho-1, heme oxygenase 1; Nqo-1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1).