Table 1.

Sample prevalence and associations among DSM-5 alcohol dependence symptoms.

	Sample Prevalence			Tetrachoric Correlation
Symptom	N	%		Sx1	Sx2	Sx3	Sx4	Sx5	Sx6	Sx7	Sx8	Sx9	Sx10	Sx11
Sx1	904	34.8		1.00
Sx2	1677	64.6		0.81	1.00
Sx3	1188	45.8		0.83	0.84	1.00
Sx4	1263	48.7		0.75	0.74	0.76	1.00
Sx5	616	23.7		0.83	0.81	0.83	0.76	1.00
Sx6	1597	61.5		0.77	0.79	0.80	0.75	0.74	1.00
Sx7	1110	42.8		0.81	0.75	0.82	0.76	0.83	0.81	1.00
Sx8	704	27.1		0.86	0.80	0.83	0.76	0.84	0.77	0.79	1.00
Sx9	692	26.7		0.91	0.84	0.87	0.78	0.85	0.76	0.84	0.89	1.00
Sx10	1249	48.1		0.84	0.86	0.83	0.77	0.85	0.81	0.80	0.81	0.85	1.00
Sx11	545	21.0		0.82	0.77	0.81	0.73	0.87	0.73	0.81	0.83	0.86	0.82	1.00

Note: Table shows

Sx1: Recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home

Sx2: Recurrent use in situations in which it is physically hazardous

Sx3: Continued use despite persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the alcohol

Sx4: Tolerance

Sx5: Withdrawal

Sx6: Taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended

Sx7: Persistent desire or there are unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use

Sx8: A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol, use alcohol, or recover from its effects

Sx9: Given up or cut back on important activities in order to drink

Sx10: Continued to use alcohol despite knowledge of having persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused by the alcohol

Sx11: Craving