Table 3.

Summary of findings table for the efficacy of vaccines in HIV-infected, HIV-exposed and HIV-uninfected children (Observational studies).

Patient or population: HIV-infected, HIV-exposed and HIV-uninfected children Intervention: Vaccine Comparison: Placebo
	Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI)
Outcomes	Risk with placebo	Risk with vaccines	Relative effect (95% CI)	№ of participants (studies)	Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)
HBV/Hepatitis B vaccine	3 per 1,000	18 per 1,000 (3 to 103)	OR 6.02 (0.93 to 38.83)	594 (2 observational studies)	⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW a,b
HI/BCG/Tuberculosis	Low		OR 1.00 (0.22 to 4.56)	36 cases 18 controls (1 observational study)	⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW b,c
	0 per 1,000	0 per 1,000 (0 to 0)
HU/BCG/Tuberculosis	Low		OR 0.41 (0.18 to 0.92)	60 cases 116 controls (1 observational study)	⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW b,c
	0 per 1,000	0 per 1,000 (0 to 0)

*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

Explanations: a. Confounders were not taken into account and unclear about the selection of study participants; b. A wide confidence interval around the estimate of the effects; c. Confounders not taken into account

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence

High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect

Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different

Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect

Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect