Table 1.

The 100 top-cited studies on vaccine.

Ranking	Title	Journal	Citation times	Publication year	Mean citation per year	Country
1	Vaccination with irradiated tumor-cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting antitumor immunity	P Natl Acad Sci USA	2406	1993	93	USA
2	Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse	Nature	2384	1999	119	USA
3	Vaccination of melanoma patients with peptide- or tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells	Nat Med	2343	1998	112	Germany
4	Cancer immunotherapy: moving beyond current vaccines	Nat Med	1891	2004	126	USA
5	Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to Prevent HIV-1 Infection in Thailand	New Engl J Med	1769	2009	177	USA
6	Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children	Pediatr Infect Dis J	1591	2000	84	USA
7	Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine	New Engl J Med	1551	2003	97	USA
8	Aromatic-dependent salmonella-typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines	Nature	1497	1981	39	USA
9	Vaccination of patients with B-cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dendritic cells	Nat Med	1484	1996	65	USA
10	Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma	Nat Med	1474	1998	70	USA
11	Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis – metaanalysis of the published literature	Jama-J Am Med Assoc	1326	1994	53	USA
12	A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults	New Engl J Med	1274	2005	91	USA
13	A beta peptide vaccination prevents memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer‘s disease	Nature	1212	2000	64	USA
14	Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children	New Engl J Med	1186	1997	54	China
15	Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine	New Engl J Med	1181	2006	91	USA
16	Synthetic peptide vaccine design – synthesis and properties of a high-density multiple antigenic peptide system	P Natl Acad Sci USA	1179	1988	38	USA
17	A beta peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer‘s disease	Nature	1151	2000	61	Canada
18	Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis	New Engl J Med	1151	2006	89	Chile
19	A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine	New Engl J Med	1151	2002	68	USA
20	Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases	New Engl J Med	1132	2007	94	Australia
21	Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine	Am J Epidemiol	1132	1969	23	USA
22	Comparative genomics of BCG vaccines by whole-genome DNA microarray	Science	1123	1999	56	Canada
23	New use of BCG for recombinant vaccines	Nature	1102	1991	39	USA
24	Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions	New Engl J Med	1101	2007	92	USA
25	Broad and Potent Neutralizing Antibodies from an African Donor Reveal a New HIV-1 Vaccine Target	Science	1099	2009	110	USA
26	Sustained efficacy up to 4–5 years of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18: follow-up from a randomised control trial	Lancet	1094	2006	84	USA
27	Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial	Lancet	1092	2004	73	USA
28	Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trial	Lancet	1078	2008	98	USA
29	Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial	Lancet Oncol	1064	2005	76	Brazil
30	Eradication of established murine tumors using a novel cell-free vaccine: dendritic cell-derived exosomes	Nat Med	1044	1998	50	France
31	Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media	New Engl J Med	1026	2001	57	Finland
32	DNA vaccines	Annu Rev Immunol	1020	1997	46	USA
33	Effector and memory T-cell differentiation: Implications for vaccine development	Nat Rev Immunol	1015	2002	60	USA
34	Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States	New Engl J Med	1009	1980	26	USA
35	Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: a case report	Nat Med	1001	2003	63	England
36	Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity	Nature	988	2002	58	USA
37	Immune-Correlates Analysis of an HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial	New Engl J Med	980	2012	140	USA
38	Vaccination with Mage-3A1 peptide-pulsed mature, monocyte-derived dendritic cells expands specific cytotoxic T cells and induces regression of some metastases in advanced stage IV melanoma	J Exp Med	963	1999	48	Germany
39	Protective effects of a live attenuated SIV vaccine with a deletion in the NEF gene	Science	941	1992	35	USA
40	Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women	Lancet	939	2009	94	Finland
41	Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine	Science	938	2001	52	USA
42	DNA vaccines: Immunology, application, and optimization	Annu Rev Immunol	925	2000	49	USA
43	T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design	Nat Rev Immunol	920	2008	84	USA
44	DNA vaccines: protective immunizations by parenteral, mucosal, and gene-gun inoculations.	P Natl Acad Sci USA	913	1993	35	USA
45	Variation in protection by BCG: implications of and for heterologous immunity.	Lancet	874	1995	36	England
46	Multifunctional T(H)1 cells define a correlate of vaccine-mediated protection against Leishmania major	Nat Med	872	2007	73	USA
47	IL-23 and IL-17 in the establishment of protective pulmonary CD4(+) T cell responses after vaccination and during Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge	Nat Immunol	849	2007	71	USA
48	Efficacy of a prophylactic adjuvanted bivalent L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: an interim analysis of a phase III double-blind, randomised controlled trial	Lancet	845	2007	70	Finland
49	Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis	Lancet Infect Dis	835	2012	119	USA
50	Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies	B World Health Organ	834	1999	42	USA
51	Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine	Rev Med Virol	833	2005	60	Brazil
52	Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis-B virus	Lancet	833	1990	29	England
53	Dendritic cells as therapeutic vaccines against cancer	Nat Rev Immunol	829	2005	59	USA
54	Identification of vaccine candidates against serogroup B meningococcus by whole-genome sequencing	Science	822	2000	43	Italy
55	Clinical effects of A beta immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial	Neurology	816	2005	58	USA
56	Sustained Reductions in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Era of Conjugate Vaccine	J Infect Dis	795	2010	88	USA
57	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env clones from acute and early subtype B infections for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies	J Virol	785	2005	56	USA
58	The efficacy of influenza vaccine in elderly persons. A meta-analysis and review of the literature	Ann Intern Med	773	1995	32	USA
59	Control of viremia and prevention of clinical AIDS in rhesus monkeys by cytokine-augmented DNA vaccination	Science	761	2000	40	USA
60	Protection against foot-and-mouth-disease by immunization with a chemically synthesized peptide predicted from the viral nucleotide-sequence	Nature	753	1982	20	USA
61	The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine	New Engl J Med	750	1991	27	USA
62	Mucosal immunity and vaccines	Nat Med	749	2005	54	Sweden
63	Molecular analysis of genetic differences between Mycobacterium bovis BCG and virulent M-bovis	J Bacteriol	748	1996	33	USA
64	The mucosal immune-system – from fundamental-concepts to vaccine development	Vaccine	742	1992	27	USA
65	The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community	New Engl J Med	732	1994	29	USA
66	Enhancement of vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity in cancer patients after depletion of regulatory T cells	J Clin Invest	723	2005	52	USA
67	2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis	Lancet Infect Dis	718	2012	103	USA
68	Treatment of established tumors with a novel vaccine that enhances major histocompatibility class II presentation of tumor antigen	Cancer Res	712	1996	31	USA
69	Against which human papillomavirus types shall we vaccinate and screen? The international perspective	Int J Cancer	703	2004	47	Spain
70	A trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with and those without HIV infection	New Engl J Med	699	2003	44	USA
71	DNA-based immunization by in vivo transfection of dendritic cells	Nat Med	698	1996	30	USA
72	An epidemiologic study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated RS virus vaccine	Am J Epidemiol	692	1969	14	USA
73	Combination immunotherapy of B16 melanoma using anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing vaccines induces rejection of subcutaneous and metastatic tumors accompanied by autoimmune depigmentation	J Exp Med	681	1999	34	USA
74	Vaccine Adjuvants: Putting Innate Immunity to Work	Immunity	679	2010	75	USA
75	Allergen immunotherapy: Therapeutic vaccines for allergic diseases – A WHO position paper	J Allergy Clin Immun	678	1998	32	Switzerland
76	Vaccination with cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope-containing peptide protects against a tumor induced by human papillomavirus type 16-transformed cells	Eur J Immunol	670	1993	26	Netherlands
77	Nanoparticles as potential oral delivery systems of proteins and vaccines: A mechanistic approach	J Control Release	669	2006	51	Belgium
78	Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination	New Engl J Med	667	2004	44	England
79	Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge	Nat Rev Immunol	657	2006	51	USA
80	The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenzavirus vaccine in children	New Engl J Med	655	1998	31	USA
81	Immune and clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma to CD34(+) progenitor-derived dendritic cell vaccine	Cancer Res	645	2001	36	USA
82	Autoimmunity correlates with tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4	J Clin Oncol	643	2005	46	USA
83	Effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in mothers and infants	New Engl J Med	642	2008	58	USA
84	The adjuvant effect of interleukin-12 in a vaccine against Leishmania major	Science	635	1994	25	USA
85	Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine	Lancet	633	1983	18	China
86	Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination	Lancet	628	1997	29	canada
87	A preliminary evaluation of a recombinant circumsporozoite protein vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria	New Engl J Med	628	1997	29	USA
88	Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine.	New Engl J Med	624	2001	35	USA
89	Biologic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody blockade in previously vaccinated metastatic melanoma and ovarian carcinoma patients	P Natl Acad Sci USA	624	2003	39	USA
90	Immunization with a synthetic T-cell receptor V-region peptide protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	Nature	621	1989	21	USA
91	Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans by a malaria DNA vaccine	Science	620	1998	30	USA
92	Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns	Nat Rev Immunol	619	2010	69	Switzerland
93	Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	Lancet	607	2005	43	Switzerland
94	Placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection	J Infect Dis	602	2005	43	USA
95	Antigenic similarities between brain components and bacteria causing meningitis. Implications for vaccine development and pathogenesis	Lancet	601	1983	17	Finland
96	Controlled vaccine release in the gut-associated lymphoid-tissues .1. Orally-administered biodegradable microspheres target the peyers patches	J Control Release	600	1990	21	USA
97	In vivo targeting of antigens to maturing dendritic cells via the DEC-205 receptor improves T cell vaccination	J Exp Med	599	2004	40	USA
98	Exploiting lymphatic transport and complement activation in nanoparticle vaccines	Nat Biotechnol	597	2007	50	Switzerland
99	In vivo priming of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with synthetic lipopeptide vaccine	Nature	596	1989	20	Germany
100	The biology of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: implications for cancer therapy and vaccine design	Nat Rev Immunol	593	2006	46	USA