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. 2019 Dec 18;7:341. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00341

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

A simplified summary of spatial and temporal organization of GSK3α, PKA Cα2, PP1γ2, and PP2B (PPP3R2/CC). Upper panel image was adopted and modified from Dey et al. (2018, 2019a); it shows localization of these enzymes in different compartments of a sperm cell; all of these four enzyme isoforms co-localizes only in sperm midpiece. Lower panel demonstrates how these enzymes regulate sperm functions starting from its synthesis (i.e., spermatogenesis) till fertilization. (↑) and (⊤) indicate stimulatory and inhibitory effect, respectively.