The expression levels of the p53 and MDR-related proteins in drug-resistant cells and the corresponding drug-sensitive cells were determined using western blot analysis. GAPDH was used as a loading control. The results are representative of three independent experiments (A) and quantified data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. the corresponding drug-sensitive cells (B, C). The cells were treated with the indicated agents for 24 h, and cell survival was measured by an SRB assay in order to prove that MDM2/MDMX inhibitor enhanced DOX-induced cytotoxicity in DOX-resistant breast cells. The MDM2/MDMX inhibitor concentration-cell viability curve (D) was plotted to acquire the following working solution concentration. The growth curves of specific treatments are shown: MCF-7 with its homologous DOX-resistant MCF-7/DOX cells (E) and ZR-75-30 with its homologous DOX-resistant ZR-75-30/DOX cells (F) treated with DOX alone or in combination with the MDM2/MDMX inhibitor. The MDM2/MDMX inhibitor potentiated DOX-mediated inhibition of colony formation in MCF-7/DOX cells. The concentration of DOX in the colony formation assay was 0.08 µg/ml and that of the MDM2/MDMX inhibitor was 9.58 µg/ml. The quantified data (G) were presented as the mean ± SD and representative charts (H) are shown. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (n = 3) vs. the DOX only group or the MDM2/MDMX inhibitor group.