Table 1.
Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from S. africana, S. officinalis ‘Icterina’ and S. mexicana aqueous extracts.
| RT | UVmax | [M − H]− | MS 2 Main Fragments | Probable Compound | S. afr * | S. ict * | S. mex * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 | 275 | 149 | 103, 87, 131, 59 | 2,4-DimethylBA | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.1 |
| 1.7 | 205 | 191 | 111, 173 | Quinic Ac | D | 0.40 ± 0.05 | D |
| 3.6 | 280 | 197 | 179, 73, 153 | Danshensu | 6.5 ± 0.3 | D | 3.5 ± 0.1 |
| 4.2 | 278 | 315 | 153 | Protoc Ac Hex | - | - | D |
| 5.0 | 290 sh, 324 | 353 | 191, 179, 135 | cis-3-O-CQA | - | - | 3.8 ± 0.0 |
| 5.3 | 290, 327 | 311 | 149, 179 | Caftaric Ac | - | - | 3.50 ± 0.04 |
| 8.3 | 313 | 295 | 163 | p-Coum Ac Pent | - | - | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| 8.8 | 290 sh, 325 | 353 | 191 | trans-5-O-CQA | - | - | 1.70 ± 0.06 |
| 9.4 | ND | 325 | 163, 119 | Caff Hex | - | - | 0.3 ± 0.0 |
| 9.5 | 290 sh, 325 | 353 | 173, 179, 191 | 4-O-CQA | - | - | 2.5 ± 0.3 |
| 9.7 | 290 sh, 323 | 179 | 135 | Caff Ac | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.50 ± 0.04 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
| 11.7 | 271 | 1077 | 358, 179, 296, 494 | Galotannin Der | D | - | - |
| 12.1 | 271, 336 | 593 | 473, 503, 353 | Api-6-C-Glc-7-O-Glc | - | 3.5 ± 0.1 | - |
| 12.3 | 289, 329 | 295 | 207, 179, 133, 135 | Caff Malic Ac | - | - | 1.00 ± 0.03 |
| 12.6 | 286, 320 | 313 | 269, 179, 135 | SA F | - | 2.7 ± 0.2 | D |
| 13.1 | 291, 311 | 637 | 351, 285, 193 | Ferulic Ac Der | - | 0.6 ± 0.1 | - |
| 13.5 | 274 | 571 | 527, 483, 439, 373 | YA E (isomer 1) | 3.8 ± 0.3 | - | 4.4 ± 0.2 |
| 13.9 | 256, 267 sh, 345 | 447 | 327, 357 | Lut-C-Hex | - | - | 4.1 ± 0.2 |
| 13.9 | 281, 345 | 477 | 301, 373, 343, 397 | Hydroxy-Lut-GlcA | D | 2.90 ± 0.05 | - |
| 14.1 | 276 | 571 | 527, 439, 553, 483 | YA E (isomer 2) | 5.2 ± 0.7 | - | - |
| 14.3 | 276 | 597 | 579, 355, 312, 295, 197, 179 | YA F | 8.7 ± 0.9 | - | - |
| 14.7 | 274 | 571 | 527, 509, 553, 483, 285 | YA E (isomer 3) | 18.3 ± 0.9 | - | 2.80 ± 0.01 |
| 14.8 | 267, 345 | 621 | 351, 269 | Api-diGlcA | - | D | - |
| 15.1 | 276 | 555 | 313, 357 | SA K | 3.9 ± 0.3 | - | - |
| 15.4 | 274 | 571 | 527, 553, 509, 329 | YA E (isomer 4) | D | - | - |
| 15.6 | 235, 275, 320 | 539 | 297, 359, 495, 279 | YA D (isomer 1) | D | - | - |
| 15.9 | 280, 333 | 461 | 285 | Scut-O-GlcA | - | 9.7 ± 0.2 | - |
| 15.9 | 277 | 539 | 341, 253, 315, 359 | YA D (isomer 2) | 2.4 ± 0.2 | - | 3.5 ± 0.1 |
| 16.1 | 255, 266 sh, 345 | 461 | 285 | Lut-7-O-GlcA | 18.7 ± 1.2 | 18.2 ± 0.4 | - |
| 16.5 | 268 | 571 | 527, 409 | YA E (isomer 5) | 30.8 ± 1.7 | - | - |
| 17.2 | 278 | 717 | 519, 475, 537, 339 | SA B (isomer 1) | - | - | 1.50 ± 0.02 |
| 17.3 | 279 | 571 | 527, 553, 329 | YA E (isomer 6) | 15.4 ± 0.84 | - | - |
| 17.6 | 283 | 719 | 359, 539, 521, 341 | Sag Ac (isomer 1) | 6.0 ± 0.3 | 9.1 ± 0.4 | 1.20 ± 0.01 |
| 18.1 | 269, 329 | 431 | 269 | Api Hex | - | 1.70 ± 0.03 | - |
| 18.3 | 238, 341 | 607 | 299, 284 | Chrys Rut | - | - | D |
| 18.4 | 267, 337 | 445 | 269, 175 | Api-O-GlcA | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 32.8 ± 0.5 | - |
| 18.6 | 270 | 717 | 555, 519, 475, 357 | SA B (isomer 2) | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | - |
| 18.7 | 284, 330 sh | 609 | 301 | Hesperidin | - | - | 0.50 ± 0.03 |
| 19.0 | 290 sh, 328 | 359 | 161, 179, 197, 223 | RA | 77.0 ± 3.6 | 52.7 ± 0.5 | 29.4 ± 0.6 |
| 19.2 | 282 sh, 327 | 537 | 493, 295 | Caff RA (isomer 1) | 3.0 ± 0.2 | - | - |
| 19.5 | 285 sh, 305 | 537 | 493, 295 | Caff RA (isomer 2) | 14.2 ± 1.5 | - | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| 19.8 | 278 | 719 | 521, 341, 359 | Sag Ac (isomer 2) | - | - | 2.2 ± 0.1 |
| 21.4 | 285sh, 330 | 537 | 456, 493, 375, 359 | Caff RA (isomer 3) | 2.5 ± 1.0 | - | - |
| Sum | 231.6 ± 7.5 | 144.1 ± 2.7 | 72.8 ± 0.7 | ||||
| Total Phenolic Content 1 | 350.6 ± 14.9 | 229.0 ± 44.0 | 158.9 ± 38.0 | ||||
Mean values ± S.D.; * Values are expressed as μg/mg extract; 1 Determined by Folin–Ciocalteu assay and expressed as µg of gallic equivalents per mg of extract; D—Detected; Ac—Acid; Api—Apigenin; BA—Benzoic acid; Caff Ac—Caffeic acid; Caff—Caffeoyl; CQA—Caffeoylquinic acid; Chrys—Chrysoeriol; Coum—Coumaroyl; D—Detected; Der—Derivative; Glc—Glucoside; GlcA—Glucuronide; Hex—Hexoside; Lut—Luteolin; ND—Not determined; Pent—Pentoside; Protoc—Protocatechuic; Rut—Rutinoside; RA—Rosmarinic acid; RT—Retention time; Sag—Sagerinic; SA—Salvianolic acid; S. afr—S. africana; S. ict—S. officinalis ‘Icterina’; S. mex—S. mexicana; Scut—Scutellarein; sh—shoulder; UV – Ultraviolet; YA—Yunnaneic acid.