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. 2019 Dec 3;24(23):4420. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234420

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Kinetics of extraction of raw flowering tops hawthorn (lot no. 20335) monitored by UV absorbance at 198 nm for various extraction modes. (A) Infusion mode at 250 rpm, 500 rpm, 750 rpm, and 1000 rpm stirring speed, with the corresponding temperature profile obtained at 500 rpm. (B) Maceration mode at 20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C and at 500 rpm stirring speed. (C) Ultrasonic (US) mode at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C and at 250 rpm stirring speed. In all cases, 2.5 g of raw hawthorn in 250 mL water was used. A 100 μL sample of the solution was taken and added to 4 mL ultrapure water before each UV measurement. Error bars are ±1 SD on n = 3 repetitions of independent extractions. If the absorbance values were above 1.7, dilution in 8 mL (instead of 4 mL) was used, but the experimental values were then multiplied by two to allow for a comparison with dilutions in 4 mL.