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Plot of (a) minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) and (b) log (1/MMC) of 13-s-13 gemini surfactants as a function of surfactant spacer length s against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. The last three data in the plot are MMCs of the reference compounds cetylpyridinium bromide (CPyB), benzyldodecyldimethylammonium bromide (BDDAB), and carbethopendecinium bromide (CPdB).
