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. 2019 Nov 20;24(23):4209. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234209

Table A1.

Nanoparticulate delivery systems described for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.

Type of Delivery System Loaded Bioactive/Drug Administration Route In vivo Effects
Insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles Insulin Oral BSL reduction
Prolonged effect
Biodistribution (SPECT): stomach, small and large intestine, kidney, urinary bladder
Insulin-loaded alginate nanoparticles Insulin Oral BSL reduction
Prolonged hypoglycemic effect
Insulin-loaded dextran nanoparticles Insulin Oral BSL reduction
Prolonged hypoglycemic effect
Insulin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles Insulin Oral BSL reduction
Prolonged hypoglycemic effect
Insulin-loaded PLA nanoparticles Insulin Oral BSL reduction
Prolonged hypoglycemic effect biodistribution: spleen, kidney, liver, heart, lungs
Insulin-loaded PAA nanoparticles Insulin Oral Only in vitro studies in Caco-2 cell line
Insulin-loaded nanoparticles containing CPP Insulin Oral BSL reduction
Insulin-loaded inorganic nanoparticles and Insulin-loaded nanoparticles containing Eudragit® Insulin OralNasal BSL reduction
Maximal hypoglycemic effect
No toxicity in Zebrafish
Insulin-loaded SLN Insulin Oral BSL reduction
Liposomes Insulin Metformin Calcein GLP-1 Oral Hypoglycemic effect Enhance absorption of insulin Maximum oral bioavailability
Niosomes Insulin Metformin Metformin hydrochloride Repaglinide Pioglitazone Gliclazide Oral Enhance insulin permeation Enhance bioavailability
Dendrimers Human and bovine pancreatic insulin Calcitonin Subcutaneous Enhance glucoregulatory effects
Micelles Lyophilized human and porcine insulin Insulin Oral Prevention of aggregation of insulin Enhance bioavailability