Table 1.

Effects of carnitine treatment in non-syndromic ASD.

Reference	Subjects (Sex and Age)	Clinical Features	Dose and Duration of Treatment	Effect of Treatment
Geier et al., 2011 [22]	27 ASD children completed the study, (N = 16 carnitine group and N = 11 placebo group) aged from 3 to 10 years. old (23 males, 4 females).	ASD	Carnitine (50 mg/kg/day) or placebo for three months. Double-blind study.	Improvement in autism symptoms based on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), modified clinical global impression (CGI) and autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) scores.
Fahmy et al., 2013 [23,25]	30 ASD children (N = 16 carnitine group and N = 14 placebo group).	ASD	Carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) or placebo. Double-blind study. Clinical evaluation at six months.	Significant improvement in autism symptoms based on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS) scores.
Goin-Kochel et al., 2019 [24]	10 males (age range 2.7–7.7 years).	ASD (1 with TMLHE deficiency).	Start dose 200 mg/kg/day, increased up to 200 mg/kg/day (max dose 6 g/daily). Follow-up for 4 weeks and 8 weeks.	Improvements on the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS) and other clinical variables.