Table 2.
Chemical compositions of Piper nigrum fruit volatile oils cultivated in Pará State, Brazil.
| RI a | RI b | Compound | Bragantina | Cingapura | Clonada | Equador | Guajarina | Uthirankota |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 921 | 924 | α-Thujene | 0.2 | --- | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.4 |
| 929 | 932 | α-Pinene | 9.2 | 6.8 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 11.3 | 10.3 |
| 965 | 969 | Sabinene | --- | 0.1 | 0.5 | --- | --- | --- |
| 973 | 974 | β-Pinene | 33.6 | 20.3 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 45.6 | 48.0 |
| 987 | 988 | Myrcene | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 0.1 | --- |
| 1001 | 1002 | α-Phellandrene | --- | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | --- | --- |
| 1007 | 1008 | δ-3-Carene | --- | 14.3 | 9.3 | 4.5 | --- | --- |
| 1012 | 1014 | α-Terpinene | 0.0 | --- | --- | --- | 0.7 | 1.4 |
| 1018 | 1020 | p-Cymene | --- | 0.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1025 | 1024 | Limonene | 38.1 | 31.1 | 36.5 | 30.8 | 29.7 | 24.3 |
| 1042 | 1044 | (E)-β-Ocimene | tr c | tr | tr | 0.1 | --- | 0.3 |
| 1054 | 1054 | γ-Terpinene | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 2.0 |
| 1061 | 1065 | cis-Sabinene hydrate | 0.2 | --- | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
| 1084 | 1086 | Terpinolene | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| 1094 | 1095 | Linalool | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 |
| 1116 | 1118 | cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.1 | --- | tr | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| 1133 | 1136 | trans-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol | 0.1 | --- | --- | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 1174 | 1174 | Terpinen-4-ol | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 5.6 |
| 1186 | 1186 | α-Terpineol | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| 1196 | 1194 | Myrtenol | --- | 0.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1208 | 1214 | Linalyl formate | --- | 0.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1222 | 1227 | Nerol | 0.1 | --- | --- | 0.1 | --- | --- |
| 1334 | 1335 | δ-Elemene | tr | 0.4 | tr | 0.1 | --- | --- |
| 1344 | 1346 | α-Terpinyl acetate | 0.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1373 | 1374 | α-Copaene | 0.4 | 0.6 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1389 | 1389 | β-Elemene | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | --- | tr |
| 1410 | 1411 | cis-α-Bergamotene | --- | --- | --- | --- | tr | --- |
| 1416 | 1417 | (E)-β-Caryophyllene | 6.9 | 14.8 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 0.7 | 2.5 |
| 1430 | 1432 | trans-α-Bergamotene | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.1 | --- |
| 1431 | 1434 | γ-Elemene | --- | --- | --- | 1.2 | --- | 0.2 |
| 1450 | 1454 | (E)-β-Farnesene | --- | --- | --- | --- | tr | --- |
| 1452 | 1452 | α-Humulene | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | --- | 0.1 |
| 1478 | 1484 | Germacrene D | --- | tr | --- | 0.1 | tr | --- |
| 1490 | 1493 | α-Zingiberene | --- | --- | --- | --- | tr | --- |
| 1491 | 1493 | epi-Cubebol | 0.3 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1492 | 1489 | β-Selinene | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.2 | --- | 0.1 |
| 1493 | 1499 | Curzerene | --- | --- | --- | 0.6 | --- | 0.2 |
| 1505 | 1505 | β-Bisabolene | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | --- |
| 1513 | 1514 | Cubebol | 0.3 | 0.1 | tr | --- | --- | --- |
| 1521 | 1522 | δ-Cadinene | 0.4 | 0.3 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1527 | 1529 | (E)-γ-Bisabolene | --- | --- | --- | --- | tr | --- |
| 1546 | 1548 | α-Elemol | --- | tr | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.6 | tr |
| 1554 | 1559 | Germacrene B | --- | --- | --- | 0.1 | --- | --- |
| 1562 | 1561 | (E)-Nerolidol | --- | --- | --- | 1.6 | --- | --- |
| 1577 | 1577 | Spathulenol | --- | 0.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1582 | 1582 | Caryophyllene oxide | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
| 1588 | 1596 | Fokienol | --- | 0.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1607 | 1608 | Humulene epoxide II | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | --- | --- |
| 1610 | 1602 | Ledol | --- | --- | tr | --- | --- | --- |
| 1624 | 1632 | α-Acorenol | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.1 |
| 1625 | 1627 | 1-epi-Cubenol | 0.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1630 | 1630 | Muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1β-ol | --- | 1.1 | --- | 0.8 | --- | --- |
| 1636 | 1639 | Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5β-ol | --- | 0.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1640 | 1640 | τ-Murrolol | 0.3 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1644 | 1644 | α-Muurolol (=δ-Cadinol) | 1.3 | tr | tr | --- | --- | --- |
| 1649 | 1649 | β-Eudesmol | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.1 | --- |
| 1656 | 1658 | neo-Intermedeol | --- | tr | 0.2 | --- | --- | --- |
| 1668 | 1668 | 14-Hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene | --- | 0.1 | --- | 0.1 | --- | --- |
| 1677 | 1679 | Khusinol | --- | 0.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1682 | 1685 | α-Bisabolol | --- | tr | --- | --- | 1.1 | --- |
| 1714 | 1713 | 14-Hydroxy-α-humulene | --- | --- | --- | 0.2 | --- | --- |
| 1727 | 1728 | iso-Longifolol | --- | tr | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1763 | 1762 | β-Acoradienol | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | --- | --- |
| 1930 | 1929 | Musk ambrette | --- | 0.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 84.4 | 76.6 | 87.6 | 77.9 | 89.5 | 88.0 | ||
| Oxygenated monoterpenoids | 3.8 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 8.2 | ||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 8.9 | 17.8 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 0.8 | 3.0 | ||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenoids | 2.9 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | ||
| Total identified | 99.9 | 99.5 | 99.0 | 99.9 | 99.8 | 99.9 |