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. 2019 Nov 21;24(23):4244. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234244

Table 3.

Chemical compositions (major components, %) of Piper nigrum volatile oils reported in the literature.

Compound α-Thujene α-Pinene Camphene Sabinene β-Pinene Myrcene α-Phellandrene δ-3-Carene p-Cymene Limonene β-Phellandrene (E)-β-Ocimene Terpinolene Linalool δ-Elemene α-Cubebene α-Copaene β-Elemene β-Caryophyllene α-Guaiene α-Humulene Germacrene D β-Selinene α-Selinene β-Bisabolene α-Farnesene δ-Cadinene Elemol Caryophyllene oxide
Balankotta [29] 0 20.9 0 0 0 13.5 0 11.7 8.2 25.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Brazil, CO2 [20] 1 4.1 0 11.6 2.6 7.7 1.9 14.4 1.8 19.8 0.4 0 0.7 0.4 0.8 0 1.3 1.3 21.8 0 1.5 0 2.5 3.1 0 0 0.5 0 0
Subh-90 [26] 0.1 7 0.2 0.5 7.6 7.9 0.1 19 2.3 22.7 0 0 0.1 0.5 0 0.1 0.9 0.2 7.6 0.1 0.3 0 0.1 tr 1.6 0 0.1 0.7 6
Subh-91 [26] 0.1 3.2 0.2 0.2 8 6.7 3.5 23.4 0.9 19.5 0 0.1 0 0.6 0 0.3 1.7 0.2 15.5 0 0.4 0 0.1 0.1 2.8 0 0 0.8 0.4
Subh-92 [26] 0.1 4.7 0.1 0.2 9.6 4.3 3.8 20.8 0.6 18.3 0 0 0 0.5 0 0.1 1.7 0.1 21.3 0 0.4 0 0.1 0.1 3.1 0 0 0.8 3
Cameroon [1] 1.8 5.6 0.1 11.2 6.7 2.5 4.5 18.5 0.7 14.7 0 0.1 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.2 1.4 1.3 12.8 0 1.3 0.2 0 2.2 tr 0 0.6 0 0
Sree-III [27] tr 4.3 0.2 0.2 10.2 5.5 3 11.1 0.5 20.1 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 tr 1.5 0.1 23.1 0 0.4 0 tr tr 2.5 0 0 0.6 0.3
Uthir-1st [28] 0.2 14.6 0.4 0.3 9.3 4.3 7.4 8.5 1.3 19.5 0 0 0 0.1 0 tr 0.9 0.2 25.1 0 tr 0 tr 0 0 0 0.1 tr 0.6
Kari-90 [30] 0.1 5.4 0.2 0.2 15.2 0 3.3 20.3 0.7 20.1 0 0 0 0.5 0 1.9 0 0.1 19.8 0 0.4 0 0.1 0.1 2.5 0 0.1 0.8 0.4
Kari-91 [30] tr 5 0.1 0 14.3 0.8 2.8 21 0.6 19.7 0 tr 0 tr 0 2.2 0 0 20.6 0 tr 0 0.1 0.1 2.9 0 0.2 0.9 0.4
Kari-93 [30] 0.1 5.3 0.1 0.6 14.1 0.9 2.9 17.8 0.9 19.6 0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0 1.5 0 0.1 25.6 0 0.4 0 0.1 0.1 2.7 0 0 0.8 0.5
Madagascar [24] 0 25.4 0.8 0 15.7 0 0 10.8 1 21 0 0 0 0.6 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thom-90 [29] 0.8 12.9 0.3 3.8 6.4 6.3 2.2 12.6 0.6 16.4 0 0.3 0.1 0.6 0 1.3 0.9 0 23.5 0 tr 0 0.1 0.3 0 0 tr 0 0.8
Market [29] 2.4 10 0 0 24.4 15.2 0 0 0 26.5 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 0 0 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6 0 0 6.2
Pann-1 [29] 3 7.7 0 0 21.2 13.8 1.3 3.4 0 21.1 0 0 0 0 0 2.2 0 0 10.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9 0 0 0
Pann-5 [29] 2.8 7.1 0 0 22.3 12.3 0 2.3 0 20.3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 17.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.7 0 0 0
Aimp-3rd [28] 2.3 6.6 0.2 0 23.9 11.1 0.4 0 0.2 21 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 tr 0.4 1 16.4 0 1.1 0 0.3 0.7 0 0 0 9.6 1.2
Orav 2004 [3] 0.2 7.3 0.2 1.4 19 2.6 2.2 10.6 0.5 29.7 0.3 0 0.6 2.1 0 1.6 0 0 14 0 0 tr 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.8
Bagheri 2014 [5] 1.4 8 0.3 13.2 9.7 1.2 1.6 8.6 0.9 15 0 0 0.2 0.6
Thev-90 [26] 1.1 3.8 tr 10.5 8.3 0 0.7 5.3 0.3 13.7 0 tr 0.1 0.4
Thev-91 [26] 1.2 5.2 tr 16.2 8.7 0 0.6 5.5 0.5 18 0 0.2 0.1 0.2
Thev-92 [26] 0.5 1.9 tr 4.5 3.7 1.6 0.9 4.8 0.2 8.3 0 0.1 tr 0.3
Poon-90 [26] 1.5 5.1 0.2 4.5 11.7 6.6 1.4 2.1 0.4 15.8 0 12 0.1 0.8
Poon-91 [26] 0.8 4.9 0.1 2.3 10.2 7.2 1.2 2.1 6.2 15.2 0 0.2 0.1 0.5
Poon-92 [26] 0.8 3 0.1 7.8 6 4.1 1.5 7.3 0 14.9 0 tr 0.1 0.5
Valia-90 [26] 1.1 6.3 0.3 17.1 0 0.2 0.7 0 0.7 18.6 0 0 0.1 0.1
Valia-91 [26] 1.1 4.6 0.4 15.9 tr 0.2 2.1 10.5 0.3 15.9 0 tr 0.2 0.1
Valiai-92 [26] 0.8 2.9 0.3 12.9 0 0.1 1.6 8.7 0 12.9 0 0 0.1 0.1
S.Tome e Principe [25] 1.4 5.7 0.1 16.5 10.7 2 0.7 1.7 0.2 18.8 2.9 0.5 0.4 1.1
Market (India) [2] 0.8 4.5 0.1 5.9 7.9 1 0.6 4.4 1.2 13.2 0 tr 0.1 0.5
Sree-I [27] tr 5.5 0.2 4.3 11.2 0 7.7 0.1 1.5 22.1 0 tr 0 0.5
Sree-II [27] 1.5 3.3 0.1 4.6 0 9.6 0 0.1 1.5 20.5 0 0.2 0.2 0.6
Kuch-I [27] tr 5.4 tr 13.3 0 0 0 0.4 0 14.5 0 0 0.1 0.4
Kuch-II [27] 0.7 2.3 0.1 6.7 5.2 5.2 6.2 0.5 2 17.5 0 0.2 0.1 0.4
Vell-I [27] 1.7 3.6 0.2 18.8 10.9 0 0.2 tr 0.2 19.8 0 0 0.1 0.4
Vell-II [27] 1 3.6 0.1 8.4 6.5 3.1 1.3 7.6 0.3 14.9 0 0.1 0.1 0.5
Vell-III [27] 0.4 1.7 0.1 3.9 3.9 2 1 5.1 0.1 8.3 0 tr tr 0.3
Aimp-1st [28] 0.9 8.4 tr 27.5 9.2 0 tr 0.1 0.5 19.8 0 tr 0.3 0.2 0 tr
Aimp-2nd [28] 0.5 7.4 0.2 24.2 14.8 0 0.2 0 0.3 22.5 0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0 tr
Naray-1st [28] 2.7 5.9 tr 24.6 8.7 0 0.3 2.3 0.4 15.5 0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0 tr
Naray-2nd [28] 0.3 6.4 tr 4.4 15.6 8.4 0.1 0 0.3 19.5 0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 tr
Naray-3rd [28] 1 2 0.1 13.9 4.8 0 0.2 tr 0.2 9.5 0 tr 0.2 0.1 0 tr
Neel-1st [28] 1.6 6.5 0.2 27.3 11.3 0 1.3 7.9 0.5 18.6 0 0 0.1 0.6 0 0.2
Neel-2nd [28] 1 5.6 0.2 23.9 7.8 0 0.4 0.5 0.3 15.9 0 tr 0.2 0.3 0 0.7
Neel-3rd [28] 2.2 4.7 tr 23.2 9.8 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 12.9 0 0 0.3 0.3 0 0.1
Uthir-2nd [28] 0.1 9.1 0.2 0.1 12.5 3.5 5 6.7 1.1 13.3 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.2
Kott-90 [31] 2.5 7.4 0.1 18.8 15.4 0 0.3 0.2 0.2 23.8 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0 0.8
Kott-91 [31] 2.4 7.1 0.1 22.1 13.3 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 21.5 0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0 0.1
Kott-92 [31] 1 3 tr 11.2 7.5 0 0.2 tr 0.1 12.7 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.2
Ott-90 [31] 0.7 4.4 0.1 9.1 3.8 8.3 0.1 tr 0.1 15.5 0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0.1
Ott-91 [31] 2 5.9 0.1 26.8 11 0 0.4 0.1 0.4 20.2 0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0 0.2
Ott-92 [31] 0.6 1.8 0.1 0.1 11.7 18.6 0.2 tr 0.4 21.7 0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0 0.2
Kuth-90 [31] 0.6 7.9 0.3 5.3 10.9 0.2 6.8 0 1 16.9 0 0 0.1 1.2 0 0.2
Kuth-92 [31] 0.2 2.7 0.1 1.9 3.8 2 0.5 4.2 0.3 9 0 0.1 tr 0.7 0 0.3
Cher-90 [31] 0.1 7.1 0.2 9.7 11.2 3 1.2 3.2 4 17.8 0 0.4 0.1 0.3 0 0.1 0.3 0.1
Cher-91 [31] 3.6 4 0.1 22.3 7.7 0 2.6 5.4 1.5 15.2 0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0 2.5 0.9 0.1
Cher-92 [31] 2 5 0.1 19.1 9.5 0.6 2.2 9.8 0.4 14.7 0 0.5 0.2 0.6 0 2.9 0.9 0.1
Kall-90 [30] tr 10.1 0.4 8 11.7 0 9.8 0.9 0 18.1 0 0.1 0.1 1.3 0 0.8 0 0.1
Kall-91 [30] 0.4 5.8 0.2 7.1 8.1 0 6.1 3.7 0.9 19.1 0 0.2 0.1 1.3 0 0.8 0.1 0
Kall-93 [30] 0.2 3.5 0.1 1.8 4.4 2.6 0.4 4.5 0.3 10.7 0 0.2 tr 0.7 0 1.3 0.1 0.1
Thom-91 [30] 0.1 2.4 0.1 3.9 2 4 0.5 2.5 0.7 11.7 0 0 0.1 0.5 0 3.8 0.9 0
Thom-93 [30] 0.7 11.8 0.3 4.1 7.3 0.4 0.9 5.4 0.4 9.4 0 0.2 0.1 0.4 0 3 0.7 0
Arak-90 [30] 2.2 6.9 0.1 20.9 11.1 0 0.3 0.2 0 20.4 0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0 0.1 0.7 tr
Arak-91 [30] 0.4 4.4 0.6 5.5 12.5 2.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 21.9 0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0.6 1
Arak-93 [30] 0.6 2.4 tr 6.3 6.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 10.3 0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0.6 1.1 tr