Table 2.

FES-I scores (including Cronbach α and SEM), N = 151.

FES-I item	Baseline mean (SD)	3-year follow-up mean (SD)
1. Cleaning the house	1.84 (1.03)	2.17 (1.14)
2. Getting dressed/undressed	1.60 (0.749)	1.91 (1.01)
3. Preparing simple meals	1.46 (0.728)	1.79 (0.982)
4. Taking a bath or shower	1.63 (0.861)	1.91 (1.05)
5. Going to the shop	1.62 (0.895)	2.00 (1.16)
6. Getting in or out of a chair	1.74 (0.875)	1.95 (0.958)
7. Going up or down stairs	1.76 (0.985)	2.10 (1.09)
8. Walking around outside	1.62 (0.885)	1.88 (1.03)
9. Reaching up or bending down	1.90 (0.998)	2.22 (1.10)
10. Answering the telephone	1.54 (0.755)	1.85 (1.03)
11. Walking on a slippery surface	2.36 (1.05)	2.67 (1.11)
12. Visiting a friend/relative	1.56 (0.829)	1.77 (0.925)
13. Walking in a place with crowds	1.83 (0.929)	2.09 (1.05)
14. Walking on an uneven surface	2.05 (0.968)	2.46 (1.09)
15. Walking up or down a slope	1.96 (1.03)	2.36 (1.13)
16. Going out to a social event	1.69 (0.891)	1.93 (1.02)
FES-I total score	28.1 (11.9)	33.1 (14.0)1
Internal consistency (Cronbach α)	0.967	0.970
Standard error of measurement (SEM)	2.36	2.25

FES-I = Falls Efficacy Scale-International. Possible item score ranges from 1 to 4, possible total score ranges from 16 to 64, higher = worse. SEM = SD_pooled × $\sqrt{1-\text{Cronbach's\hspace{0.17em}}\alpha }$. SD_pooled = $\sqrt{\left(\left({\text{SD}}_{\text{baseline}}^2+{\text{SD}}_{3-\text{year}}^2\right)/2\right)}$. ¹p < 0.001, Paired samples t test.