Figure 6.

Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits STAT3 binding to the MUC4 promoter region. (a) Schematic representation of MUC4 promoter. The two putative STAT-binding sites as well as the primers used for chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments (Primer set 1 and Primer set 2) are shown. (b) Binding of p-STAT3 to MUC4 promoter by ALA with or without TNF-α treatment. AGS cells were treated with 2 mM ALA overnight and then exposed to 20 ng/mL TNF-α for 4 h, followed by ChIP assay using anti-p-STAT3 and PCR primers covering 2 different regions of the MUC4 promoter. Data represent the mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments. ^∗∗p < 0.05.