Figure 4.

MAPK quantitative systems pharmacology model signaling network. Gray, red, and yellow nodes represent MAPK signaling pathway, regulatory feedback, and alternative signaling pathway components. Image was reproduced from24 under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. DUSP, dual‐specificity phosphatase; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase; FOXO, forkhead box protein; MAPK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase; PI3k, phosphatidylinositol‐3‐Kinase; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase.