Table 2.
Complication rates based on timing of ICD placement from last HF hospitalization.
| Overall | Patients Admitted for HF | HF Admission ≤3 months | HF Admission >3 months | Adjusted p-value‡ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Rate (95% CI) | # | Rate (95% CI) | # | Rate (95% CI) | # | Rate (95% CI) | ||
| Periprocedural | |||||||||
| Any | 1,197 | 1.47 (1.39-1.56) | 301 | 2.60 (2.32-2.91) | 107 | 1.71 (1.40-2.06) | 789 | 1.25 (1.16-1.33) | <0.001 |
| In Hospital Death | 161 | 0.20 (0.17-0.23) | 101 | 0.87 (0.71-1.06) | 20 | 0.32 (0.20-0.49) | 40 | 0.06 (0.05-0.09) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac Arrest | 142 | 0.17 (0.15-0.21) | 60 | 0.52 (0.40-0.67) | 21 | 0.34 (0.21-0.51) | 61 | 0.10 (0.07-0.12) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 21 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 9 | 0.08 (0.04-0.15) | 0 | - | 12 | 0.02 (0.01-0.03) | 0.0110 |
| Cardiac Perforation | 94 | 0.12 (0.09-0.14) | 15 | 0.13 (0.07-0.21) | 7 | 0.11 (0.05-0.23) | 72 | 0.11 (0.09-0.14) | 0.8920 |
| Cardiac Venous Dissection | 160 | 0.20 (0.17-0.23) | 15 | 0.13 (0.07-0.21) | 11 | 0.18 (0.09-0.31) | 134 | 0.21 (0.18-0.25) | 1.000 |
| Pericardial Tamponade | 111 | 0.14 (0.11-0.16) | 17 | 0.15 (0.09-0.24) | 7 | 0.11 (0.05-0.23) | 87 | 0.14 (0.11-0.17) | 1.000 |
| Stroke/TIA | 43 | 0.05 (0.04-0.07) | 14 | 0.12 (0.07-0.20) | 5 | 0.08 (0.03-0.19) | 24 | 0.04 (0.02-0.06) | 0.018 |
| Hematoma | 257 | 0.32 (0.28-0.36) | 77 | 0.67 (0.53-0.83) | 22 | 0.35 (0.22-0.53) | 158 | 0.25 (0.21-0.29) | <0.001 |
| Infection Requiring Antibiotics | 45 | 0.06 (0.04-0.07) | 17 | 0.15 (0.09-0.24) | 7 | 0.11 (0.05-0.23) | 21 | 0.03 (0.02-0.05) | <0.001 |
| Pneumothorax | 318 | 0.39 (0.35-0.44) | 33 | 0.29 (0.20-0.40) | 27 | 0.43 (0.28-0.63) | 258 | 0.41 (0.36-0.46) | 1.000 |
| Hemothorax | 21 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 7 | 0.06 (0.02-0.12) | 1 | 0.02 (0.00-0.09) | 13 | 0.02 (0.01-0.04) | 0.596 |
| Urgent Surgery | 23 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 5 | 0.04 (0.01-0.10) | 1 | 0.02 (0.00-0.09) | 17 | 0.03 (0.02-0.04) | 1.000 |
| 30-Day Complications | |||||||||
| N* | 76,263 | 10,792 | 6,003 | 59,468 | |||||
| Any complication | 1,610 | 2.11 (2.01-2.22) | 565 | 5.24 (4.82-5.67) | 198 | 3.30 (2.86-3.78) | 847 | 1.42 (1.33-1.52) | <0.001 |
| Any complication requiring reoperation | 209 | 0.27 (0.24-0.31) | 38 | 0.35 (0.25-0.48) | 19 | 0.32 (0.19-0.49) | 152 | 0.26 (0.22-0.30) | 1.000 |
| Hemothorax, Pneumothorax, or Pleural Effusion | 39 | 0.05 (0.04-0.07) | 12 | 0.11 (0.06-0.19) | 5 | 0.08 (0.03-0.19) | 22 | 0.04 (0.02-0.06) | 0.057 |
| Pocket-related complication | 134 | 0.18 (0.15-0.21) | 27 | 0.25 (0.16-0.36) | 13 | 0.22 (0.12-0.37) | 94 | 0.16 (0.13-0.19) | 0.885 |
| Cardiac Tamponade or Pericardial Effusion | 48 | 0.06 (0.05-0.08) | 2 | 0.02 (0.00-0.07) | 2 | 0.03 (0.00-0.12) | 44 | 0.07 (0.05-0.10) | 0.817 |
| Any complication without reoperation | 1,407 | 1.84 (1.75-1.94) | 529 | 4.90 (4.50-5.33) | 179 | 2.98 (2.57-3.44) | 699 | 1.18 (1.09-1.27) | <0.001 |
| Death | 695 | 0.91 (0.85-0.98) | 324 | 3.00 (2.69-3.34) | 95 | 1.58 (1.28-1.93) | 276 | 0.46 (0.41-0.52) | <0.001 |
| Hemothorax, Pneumothorax, or Pleural Effusion | 374 | 0.49 (0.44-0.54) | 124 | 1.15 (0.96-1.37) | 58 | 0.97 (0.73-1.25) | 192 | 0.32 (0.28-0.37) | <0.001 |
| Pocket-related complication | 279 | 0.37 (0.32-0.41) | 79 | 0.73 (0.58-0.91) | 22 | 0.37 (0.23-0.55) | 178 | 0.30 (0.26-0.35) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac Tamponade or Pericardial Effusion | 150 | 0.20 (0.17-0.23) | 25 | 0.23 (0.15-0.34) | 17 | 0.28 (0.17-0.45) | 108 | 0.18 (0.15-0.22) | 1.000 |
| 90-Day Complications | |||||||||
| N† | 72,608 | 10,306 | 5,728 | 56,574 | |||||
| Any complication | 3,764 | 5.18 (5.02-5.35) | 799 | 7.75 (7.24-8.29) | 358 | 6.25 (5.64-6.91) | 2,607 | 4.61 (4.44-4.78) | <0.001 |
| Any complication requiring reoperation | 1,926 | 2.65 (2.54-2.77) | 258 | 2.50 (2.21-2.82) | 143 | 2.50 (2.11-2.93) | 1,525 | 2.70 (2.56-2.83) | 1.000 |
| Mechanical complication | 1,537 | 2.12 (2.01-2.22) | 186 | 1.80 (1.56-2.08) | 117 | 2.04 (1.69-2.44) | 1,234 | 2.18 (2.06-2.30) | 0.607 |
| Device infection | 444 | 0.61 (0.56-0.67) | 77 | 0.75 (0.59-0.93) | 32 | 0.56 (0.38-0.79) | 335 | 0.59 (0.53-0.66) | 1.000 |
| Systemic infection | 176 | 0.24 (0.21-0.28) | 43 | 0.42 (0.30-0.56) | 13 | 0.23 (0.12-0.39) | 120 | 0.21 (0.18-0.25) | 0.010 |
| Endocarditis | 41 | 0.06 (0.04-0.08) | 13 | 0.13 (0.07-0.22) | 5 | 0.09 (0.03-0.20) | 23 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) | 0.034 |
| Other infection | 65 | 0.09 (0.07-0.11) | 10 | 0.10 (0.05-0.18) | 8 | 0.14 (0.06-0.28) | 47 | 0.08 (0.06-0.11) | 1.000 |
| Any complication without reoperation | 2,025 | 2.79 (2.67-2.91) | 579 | 5.62 (5.18-6.08) | 232 | 4.05 (3.55-4.59) | 1,214 | 2.15 (2.03-2.27) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical complication | 622 | 0.86 (0.79-0.93) | 141 | 1.37 (1.15-1.61) | 61 | 1.06 (0.82-1.37) | 420 | 0.74 (0.67-0.82) | <0.001 |
| Device infection | 219 | 0.30 (0.26-0.34) | 49 | 0.48 (0.35-0.63) | 21 | 0.37 (0.23-0.56) | 149 | 0.26 (0.22-0.31) | 0.017 |
| Systemic infection | 1,186 | 1.63 (1.54-1.73) | 392 | 3.80 (3.44-4.19) | 156 | 2.72 (2.32-3.18) | 638 | 1.13 (1.04-1.22) | <0.001 |
| Endocarditis | 55 | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) | 18 | 0.17 (0.10-0.28) | 9 | 0.16 (0.07-0.30) | 28 | 0.05 (0.03-0.07) | 0.000 |
| Other infection | 268 | 0.37 (0.33-0.42) | 77 | 0.75 (0.59-0.93) | 29 | 0.51 (0.34-0.73) | 162 | 0.29 (0.24-0.33) | <0.001 |
*
Patients with at least 1 month of FFS follow up
†
Patients with at least 3 months of FFS follow up
‡
Adjusted using the Holm procedure for multiple comparisons
Abbreviations: ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillation; HF = heart failure; N = number.